diff --git a/benchmark_network.sh b/benchmark_network.sh
index 6905f15..e827fc0 100755
--- a/benchmark_network.sh
+++ b/benchmark_network.sh
@@ -8,6 +8,9 @@
 #   - WAN with packet loss
 #   - WAN with jitter
 #
+# All network-based tools (fastsync, rsync, rclone) are tested with the SAME
+# network conditions applied via tc netem on the loopback interface.
+#
 # Usage:
 #   ./benchmark_network.sh [SCENARIO] [DATA_SIZE_MB] [RUN_COUNT]
 #
@@ -90,7 +93,10 @@ case "$SCENARIO" in
         ;;
 esac
 
-PORT=19399
+# ── Ports ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+FASTSYNC_PORT=19399
+RSYNC_PORT=19400
+RCLONE_PORT=19401
 HOST="127.0.0.1"
 
 SERVER_BIN="./fastsync_server"
@@ -100,6 +106,7 @@ CLIENT_BIN="./fastsync_client"
 TEST_DIR="network_bench_$$"
 SRC_DIR="$TEST_DIR/src"
 DST_DIR_BASE="$TEST_DIR/dst"
+RSYNC_MODULE_DIR="$TEST_DIR/rsync_module"
 
 # ── Colours ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 RED='\033[0;31m'; GREEN='\033[0;32m'; YELLOW='\033[1;33m'
@@ -142,7 +149,6 @@ setup_network() {
 
 cleanup_network() {
     sudo tc qdisc del dev lo root 2>/dev/null || true
-    ok "Network simulation removed"
 }
 
 # ── Sanity checks ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
@@ -152,21 +158,52 @@ command -v rsync >/dev/null 2>&1 || die "rsync not found. Install rsync first."
 
 # Check for optional tools
 HAS_RCLONE=$(command -v rclone >/dev/null 2>&1 && echo "1" || echo "0")
-HAS_UNISON=$(command -v unison >/dev/null 2>&1 && echo "1" || echo "0")
+
+# Variable to track rsyncd PID
+RSYNCD_PID=""
 
 cleanup() {
     cleanup_network
+    # Kill rsyncd if running
+    if [ -n "$RSYNCD_PID" ] && kill -0 "$RSYNCD_PID" 2>/dev/null; then
+        kill "$RSYNCD_PID" 2>/dev/null || true
+        wait "$RSYNCD_PID" 2>/dev/null || true
+    fi
     pkill -f "fastsync_server" 2>/dev/null || true
     pkill -f "fastsync_client" 2>/dev/null || true
     rm -rf "$TEST_DIR"
 }
 trap cleanup EXIT
 
+# ── Start rsync daemon ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+start_rsyncd() {
+    # Create rsyncd config file
+    local config_file="$TEST_DIR/rsyncd.conf"
+    cat > "$config_file" <<EOF
+[test_module]
+    path = $RSYNC_MODULE_DIR
+    read only = false
+    use chroot = false
+EOF
+    
+    # Start rsyncd
+    rsync --daemon --port="$RSYNC_PORT" --config="$config_file" > /dev/null 2>&1 &
+    RSYNCD_PID=$!
+    sleep 0.5
+    
+    # Verify it's running
+    if ! kill -0 "$RSYNCD_PID" 2>/dev/null; then
+        die "Failed to start rsync daemon"
+    fi
+    ok "rsync daemon started on port $RSYNC_PORT"
+}
+
 # ── Generate test data ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 generate_test_data() {
     info "Generating ~${DATA_SIZE_MB}MB test data..."
     rm -rf "$TEST_DIR"
     mkdir -p "$SRC_DIR/small" "$SRC_DIR/medium" "$SRC_DIR/large"
+    mkdir -p "$RSYNC_MODULE_DIR"
 
     # Small files: many small files to test overhead (~25% of total)
     local small_count=$(( (DATA_SIZE_MB * 1048576 / 4) / 262144 ))
@@ -198,6 +235,10 @@ generate_test_data() {
         dd if=/dev/urandom bs=1M count=$this_size of="$SRC_DIR/large/file_$i.bin" 2>/dev/null
     done
 
+    # Also copy data to rsync module directory
+    info "  Copying data to rsync module directory..."
+    cp -r "$SRC_DIR"/* "$RSYNC_MODULE_DIR/" 2>/dev/null
+    
     local total_files total_size
     total_files=$(find "$SRC_DIR" -type f | wc -l)
     total_size=$(du -sh "$SRC_DIR" | cut -f1)
@@ -224,7 +265,7 @@ verify_sync() {
 run_fastsync() {
     local nconn=$1
     local dst_dir="$DST_DIR_BASE/fastsync_${nconn}"
-    local server_port=$((PORT + nconn))
+    local server_port=$((FASTSYNC_PORT + nconn))
     
     rm -rf "$dst_dir"
     mkdir -p "$dst_dir"
@@ -260,8 +301,8 @@ run_fastsync() {
     rm -rf "$dst_dir"
 }
 
-# ── Run rsync test ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-run_rsync() {
+# ── Run rsync test over TCP (through rsyncd) ──────────────────────────────
+run_rsync_tcp() {
     local use_compress=${1:-0}
     local dst_dir="$DST_DIR_BASE/rsync_${use_compress}"
     
@@ -271,10 +312,11 @@ run_rsync() {
     local start end
     start=$(date +%s%N)
     
+    # Use rsync:// protocol to go through TCP on loopback (experiences network simulation)
     if [ "$use_compress" -eq 1 ]; then
-        rsync -a --compress "$SRC_DIR/" "$dst_dir/" > /dev/null 2>&1
+        rsync -a --compress "rsync://$HOST:$RSYNC_PORT/test_module/" "$dst_dir/" > /dev/null 2>&1
     else
-        rsync -a "$SRC_DIR/" "$dst_dir/" > /dev/null 2>&1
+        rsync -a "rsync://$HOST:$RSYNC_PORT/test_module/" "$dst_dir/" > /dev/null 2>&1
     fi
     
     end=$(date +%s%N)
@@ -299,7 +341,7 @@ run_rsync() {
     rm -rf "$dst_dir"
 }
 
-# ── Run cp test (baseline) ────────────────────────────────────────────────
+# ── Run cp test (local baseline - no network) ──────────────────────────────
 run_cp() {
     local dst_dir="$DST_DIR_BASE/cp"
     
@@ -330,8 +372,8 @@ run_cp() {
     rm -rf "$dst_dir"
 }
 
-# ── Run rclone test (if available) ────────────────────────────────────────
-run_rclone() {
+# ── Run rclone test over TCP (if available) ────────────────────────────────
+run_rclone_tcp() {
     if [ "$HAS_RCLONE" -eq 0 ]; then
         echo "0|0|0"
         return
@@ -341,11 +383,20 @@ run_rclone() {
     rm -rf "$dst_dir"
     mkdir -p "$dst_dir"
     
+    # Start rclone serve in background
+    rclone serve http --addr "$HOST:$RCLONE_PORT" --baseurl / "$SRC_DIR" > /dev/null 2>&1 &
+    local rclone_pid=$!
+    sleep 1
+    
     local start end
     start=$(date +%s%N)
-    rclone copy "$SRC_DIR" "$dst_dir" -q --transfers 4 --checkers 8 2>/dev/null || true
+    # Use HTTP which goes through TCP on loopback
+    rclone copy "http://$HOST:$RCLONE_PORT" "$dst_dir" -q --transfers 4 --checkers 8 2>/dev/null || true
     end=$(date +%s%N)
     
+    kill "$rclone_pid" 2>/dev/null || true
+    wait "$rclone_pid" 2>/dev/null || true
+    
     local elapsed_ms=$(( (end - start) / 1000000 ))
     local total_bytes
     total_bytes=$(find "$SRC_DIR" -type f -exec stat -c %s {} \; | awk '{sum+=$1} END {print sum}')
@@ -401,6 +452,15 @@ echo ""
 
 # Setup network conditions
 setup_network
+
+# Start rsync daemon (for TCP-based rsync tests)
+start_rsyncd
+
+# Copy data to rsync module
+info "Preparing rsync module..."
+cp -r "$SRC_DIR"/* "$RSYNC_MODULE_DIR/" 2>/dev/null
+
+generate_test_data
 echo ""
 
 # Connection counts to test for fastSyncAI
@@ -410,13 +470,12 @@ CONN_COUNTS=(1 2 4 8 16)
 declare -a FS_RESULTS RS_RESULTS RSC_RESULTS CP_RESULTS RCLONE_RESULTS
 FS_LABELS=("fastSyncAI (1 conn)" "fastSyncAI (2 conn)" "fastSyncAI (4 conn)" "fastSyncAI (8 conn)" "fastSyncAI (16 conn)")
 
-generate_test_data
-echo ""
+# ── Phase 1: Network-based tools (all experience network simulation) ──────────
+info "Testing tools over simulated network ${SCENARIO_NAME}..."
 
-# ── Test fastSyncAI with different connection counts ───────────────────────
-info "Testing fastSyncAI with different connection counts..."
+# Test fastSyncAI with different connection counts
 for nconn in "${CONN_COUNTS[@]}"; do
-    echo -n "  Testing ${nconn} connections... "
+    echo -n "  Testing fastSyncAI ${nconn} connections... "
     result=$(run_fastsync "$nconn")
     IFS='|' read -r ms mbs verified <<< "$result"
     FS_RESULTS+=("$ms|$mbs|$verified")
@@ -427,13 +486,9 @@ for nconn in "${CONN_COUNTS[@]}"; do
     fi
 done
 
-# Cleanup network for local tools (rsync, cp, rclone don't use network)
-cleanup_network
-echo ""
-
-# ── Test rsync (no compression) ─────────────────────────────────────────────
-echo -n "  Testing rsync... "
-result=$(run_rsync 0)
+# Test rsync over TCP (through rsyncd on loopback - experiences network simulation)
+echo -n "  Testing rsync over TCP... "
+result=$(run_rsync_tcp 0)
 IFS='|' read -r ms mbs verified <<< "$result"
 RS_RESULTS=("$ms|$mbs|$verified")
 if [ "$verified" -eq 1 ]; then
@@ -442,9 +497,9 @@ else
     warn "${mbs} MB/s (${ms}ms) - VERIFICATION FAILED"
 fi
 
-# ── Test rsync with compression ────────────────────────────────────────────
-echo -n "  Testing rsync + compress... "
-result=$(run_rsync 1)
+# Test rsync with compression over TCP
+echo -n "  Testing rsync + compress over TCP... "
+result=$(run_rsync_tcp 1)
 IFS='|' read -r ms mbs verified <<< "$result"
 RSC_RESULTS=("$ms|$mbs|$verified")
 if [ "$verified" -eq 1 ]; then
@@ -453,21 +508,10 @@ else
     warn "${mbs} MB/s (${ms}ms) - VERIFICATION FAILED"
 fi
 
-# ── Test cp (baseline) ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-echo -n "  Testing cp (baseline)... "
-result=$(run_cp)
-IFS='|' read -r ms mbs verified <<< "$result"
-CP_RESULTS=("$ms|$mbs|$verified")
-if [ "$verified" -eq 1 ]; then
-    ok "${mbs} MB/s (${ms}ms)"
-else
-    warn "${mbs} MB/s (${ms}ms) - VERIFICATION FAILED"
-fi
-
-# ── Test rclone (if available) ────────────────────────────────────────────
+# Test rclone over TCP (if available)
 if [ "$HAS_RCLONE" -eq 1 ]; then
-    echo -n "  Testing rclone... "
-    result=$(run_rclone)
+    echo -n "  Testing rclone over TCP... "
+    result=$(run_rclone_tcp)
     IFS='|' read -r ms mbs verified <<< "$result"
     RCLONE_RESULTS=("$ms|$mbs|$verified")
     if [ "$verified" -eq 1 ]; then
@@ -479,10 +523,25 @@ else
     warn "rclone not installed - skipping"
 fi
 
+# Cleanup network simulation (for local cp baseline)
+cleanup_network
+
+# ── Phase 2: Local baseline (cp - no network) ────────────────────────────────
+echo -n "  Testing cp (local baseline)... "
+result=$(run_cp)
+IFS='|' read -r ms mbs verified <<< "$result"
+CP_RESULTS=("$ms|$mbs|$verified")
+if [ "$verified" -eq 1 ]; then
+    ok "${mbs} MB/s (${ms}ms)"
+else
+    warn "${mbs} MB/s (${ms}ms) - VERIFICATION FAILED"
+fi
+
 echo ""
 echo -e "${BOLD}═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗${RESET}"
 echo -e "${BOLD}                    NETWORK CONDITION RESULTS${RESET}"
 echo -e "${BOLD}                    Scenario: ${SCENARIO_NAME}${RESET}"
+echo -e "${BOLD}                    (All TCP tools tested with network simulation)${RESET}"
 echo -e "${BOLD}═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝${RESET}"
 echo ""
 
@@ -501,49 +560,51 @@ MAX_MBS=$(calc_max_mbs)
 [ "$MAX_MBS" -eq 0 ] && MAX_MBS=100
 
 # ── Print fastSyncAI results ────────────────────────────────────────────────
-echo "  === fastSyncAI (Multi-connection) ==="
-printf "  %-25s  %-10s  %-10s  %s  %s\n" "Configuration" "Time (ms)" "MB/s" "Throughput" "Verified"
-printf "  %-25s  %-10s  %-10s  %s  %s\n" "-------------------------" "----------" "----------" "-----------" "--------"
+echo "  === fastSyncAI (Multi-connection, over TCP with ${SCENARIO_NAME}) ==="
+printf "  %-30s  %-10s  %-10s  %s  %s\n" "Configuration" "Time (ms)" "MB/s" "Throughput" "Verified"
+printf "  %-30s  %-10s  %-10s  %s  %s\n" "------------------------------" "----------" "----------" "-----------" "--------"
 
 for i in "${!FS_RESULTS[@]}"; do
     IFS='|' read -r ms mbs verified <<< "${FS_RESULTS[$i]}"
     bar=$(draw_bar "$mbs" "$MAX_MBS")
     verified_str=$([ "$verified" -eq 1 ] && echo "✓" || echo "✗")
-    printf "  %-25s  %-10s  %-10s  %s  %s\n" "${FS_LABELS[$i]}" "$ms" "$mbs" "$bar" "$verified_str"
+    printf "  %-30s  %-10s  %-10s  %s  %s\n" "${FS_LABELS[$i]}" "$ms" "$mbs" "$bar" "$verified_str"
 done
 
-# ── Print other tool results ───────────────────────────────────────────────
+# ── Print other tool results (TCP-based, with network simulation) ────────────
 echo ""
-echo "  === Other Tools ==="
-printf "  %-25s  %-10s  %-10s  %s  %s\n" "Tool" "Time (ms)" "MB/s" "Throughput" "Verified"
-printf "  %-25s  %-10s  %-10s  %s  %s\n" "--------------------" "----------" "----------" "-----------" "--------"
+echo "  === Other Network Tools (over TCP with ${SCENARIO_NAME}) ==="
+printf "  %-30s  %-10s  %-10s  %s  %s\n" "Tool" "Time (ms)" "MB/s" "Throughput" "Verified"
+printf "  %-30s  %-10s  %-10s  %s  %s\n" "------------------------------" "----------" "----------" "-----------" "--------"
 
 # rsync
 IFS='|' read -r ms mbs verified <<< "${RS_RESULTS[0]}"
 bar=$(draw_bar "$mbs" "$MAX_MBS")
 verified_str=$([ "$verified" -eq 1 ] && echo "✓" || echo "✗")
-printf "  %-25s  %-10s  %-10s  %s  %s\n" "rsync" "$ms" "$mbs" "$bar" "$verified_str"
+printf "  %-30s  %-10s  %-10s  %s  %s\n" "rsync (TCP)" "$ms" "$mbs" "$bar" "$verified_str"
 
 # rsync + compress
 IFS='|' read -r ms mbs verified <<< "${RSC_RESULTS[0]}"
 bar=$(draw_bar "$mbs" "$MAX_MBS")
 verified_str=$([ "$verified" -eq 1 ] && echo "✓" || echo "✗")
-printf "  %-25s  %-10s  %-10s  %s  %s\n" "rsync + compress" "$ms" "$mbs" "$bar" "$verified_str"
-
-# cp (baseline)
-IFS='|' read -r ms mbs verified <<< "${CP_RESULTS[0]}"
-bar=$(draw_bar "$mbs" "$MAX_MBS")
-verified_str=$([ "$verified" -eq 1 ] && echo "✓" || echo "✗")
-printf "  %-25s  %-10s  %-10s  %s  %s\n" "cp (baseline)" "$ms" "$mbs" "$bar" "$verified_str"
+printf "  %-30s  %-10s  %-10s  %s  %s\n" "rsync + compress (TCP)" "$ms" "$mbs" "$bar" "$verified_str"
 
 # rclone
 if [ "${RCLONE_RESULTS[0]}" != "0|0|0" ]; then
     IFS='|' read -r ms mbs verified <<< "${RCLONE_RESULTS[0]}"
     bar=$(draw_bar "$mbs" "$MAX_MBS")
     verified_str=$([ "$verified" -eq 1 ] && echo "✓" || echo "✗")
-    printf "  %-25s  %-10s  %-10s  %s  %s\n" "rclone" "$ms" "$mbs" "$bar" "$verified_str"
+    printf "  %-30s  %-10s  %-10s  %s  %s\n" "rclone (TCP)" "$ms" "$mbs" "$bar" "$verified_str"
 fi
 
+# cp (local baseline - separate section)
+echo ""
+echo "  === Local Baseline (no network) ==="
+IFS='|' read -r ms mbs verified <<< "${CP_RESULTS[0]}"
+bar=$(draw_bar "$mbs" "$MAX_MBS")
+verified_str=$([ "$verified" -eq 1 ] && echo "✓" || echo "✗")
+printf "  %-30s  %-10s  %-10s  %s  %s\n" "cp (local baseline)" "$ms" "$mbs" "$bar" "$verified_str"
+
 # ── Find best configuration and speedup analysis ────────────────────────────
 echo ""
 echo -e "${BOLD}═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗${RESET}"
@@ -568,9 +629,9 @@ IFS='|' read -r rs_ms rs_mbs rs_verified <<< "${RS_RESULTS[0]}"
 
 ok "Best fastSyncAI config: ${FS_LABELS[$best_fs_idx]} (${best_fs_mbs} MB/s)"
 
-# Speedup vs rsync
+# Speedup vs rsync (both over same network conditions)
 echo ""
-echo "Speedup vs rsync (under ${SCENARIO_NAME}):"
+echo "Speedup vs rsync (both over ${SCENARIO_NAME}):"
 if [ "$(awk "BEGIN {print ($rs_mbs > 0) ? 1 : 0}")" = "1" ]; then
     best_fs_result="${FS_RESULTS[$best_fs_idx]}"
     IFS='|' read -r fs_ms fs_mbs fs_verified <<< "$best_fs_result"
@@ -586,5 +647,15 @@ if [ "$(awk "BEGIN {print ($rs_mbs > 0) ? 1 : 0}")" = "1" ]; then
     fi
 fi
 
+# Compare to local cp to show network overhead
+echo ""
+echo "Network overhead (vs local cp):"
+IFS='|' read -r cp_ms cp_mbs cp_verified <<< "${CP_RESULTS[0]}"
+if [ "$(awk "BEGIN {print ($cp_mbs > 0) ? 1 : 0}")" = "1" ]; then
+    overhead_pct=$(awk "BEGIN {printf \"%.1f\", (1 - $best_fs_mbs / $cp_mbs) * 100}")
+    ratio=$(awk "BEGIN {printf \"%.2f\", $cp_mbs / ($best_fs_mbs == 0 ? 0.01 : $best_fs_mbs)}")
+    echo -e "  cp is ${ratio}x faster than best fastSyncAI (${overhead_pct}% overhead from network simulation)"
+fi
+
 echo ""
 ok "Network benchmark complete!"