chore: remove manual-test scratch trees from branch

Adds a unit test proving the config-only STATUS_DELETE_PLAN frame applies
--delete-missing-args exact deletions while walking no directory (the
--files-from-with-no-synced-dir fix).

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -4,6 +4,37 @@ All notable changes to FastSync are documented here. Versions match
 `PROTOCOL_VERSION` (printed by `fastsync --version`); the client and server must
 run the same version because the handshake is strict.
 
+## [Unreleased]
+
+### Changed
+
+- **`--delete` now defaults to delete-during (rsync `--del`) timing.** With no
+  explicit timing flag, a plain `--delete` removes each directory's extras as
+  that directory is processed instead of committing one whole-tree deletion only
+  after the entire transfer succeeds. This matches rsync, frees destination
+  space progressively, and avoids the whole-old+new-tree peak that could
+  `ENOSPC` a tight destination. The client maps the default onto the existing
+  `delete_during` wire boolean, so `PROTOCOL_VERSION` stays `2.28.0`.
+- Added the FastSync-only long option **`--delete-commit`** (implies
+  `--delete`): it selects the old late whole-tree commit and is timing-identical
+  to `--delete-after` (the same `delete_after` wire boolean). Explicit timing
+  flags always win over the default, at most one timing flag may be given, and a
+  timing flag combined with `--no-delete` is still rejected.
+- The per-directory `STATUS_DELETE_PLAN` frame gained a one-int `apply` flag:
+  the one-shot per-run config block (protected prefixes, size-pruned mirrors,
+  `--delete-missing-args` exact paths) is now always transmitted first on a
+  config-only carrier (`apply=false`), fixing a latent bug where a
+  `--delete-missing-args` run whose `--files-from` list synchronized no directory
+  never sent its exact deletions.
+
+### Migration
+
+- Scripts that relied on plain `--delete` deleting nothing until the transfer
+  fully succeeded must pass **`--delete-commit`** (or `--delete-after`) to keep
+  that behavior. Plain `--delete` now removes reached directories' extras during
+  the transfer, exactly like rsync's default; on a completed run the final tree
+  is unchanged.
+
 ## [2.26.0] - 2026-09-17
 
 ### Added

HANDOFF.md

@@ -52,9 +52,10 @@
    `tests/test_config.c`). Two residuals were reclassified **divergent**: `-M`
    over daemon/TCP (no argv channel in FastSync's binary config handshake;
    rsync-daemon differential pins the rsync behavior) and receiver-side
-   `protect`/`risk` re-derivation for destination-only entries (would need a
+    `protect`/`risk` re-derivation for destination-only entries (would need a
-   receiver filter engine; differential pins the divergence). The options pass
+    receiver filter engine; differential pins the divergence — **reversed by
-   stands at **110 ✅ / 21 ⚠️ / 26 ❌**. New `tests/integration/test_option_parity.py`
+    track 4a below**, which adds that engine). The options pass
+    stands at **110 ✅ / 21 ⚠️ / 26 ❌**. New `tests/integration/test_option_parity.py`
    holds the rsync differentials (bwlimit parse+rate, info lines, real-setpriv
    `--ignore-errors`, rsync-daemon `-M`, filter-protect pin).
 
@@ -74,7 +75,8 @@
    heuristic with a 10× size window, not rsync's matcher), but its residual is the
    candidate-selection heuristic itself: the final tree is byte-exact by design, so
    it is pinned by the `TestFuzzy` threshold suite rather than a byte-level rsync
-   differential. The parity-review pass then moved `--delete-delay` to ⚠️ (the
+   differential. (Track 5b later found the name heuristic is rsync's own and moved
+   the row ❌ → ⚠️, leaving only the narrower delta size window; see entry 15.) The parity-review pass then moved `--delete-delay` to ⚠️ (the
    plan-time `--max-delete` charge and non-recursive deferred removal differ from
    rsync when a snapshotted entry fails removal). Differential-gate allowlist
    entries `min_size`/`empty_dirs_recursive`/`dirs_plain` were removed. The
@@ -85,7 +87,8 @@
     `-n --delete` now sends the same filter-excluded + size-pruned protected
     prefixes and synchronized-directory scope as a real run (dry-run would-delete
     matches rsync for source-derived protections; the destination-only exclude
-    residual and readdir ordering remain); `--delete-delay` now charges
+    residual was later closed by track 4a, readdir ordering remains);
+    `--delete-delay` now charges
     `--max-delete` on actual removals and re-scans a queued directory at commit
     to remove content created after the plan, with an independent deferred-list
     cap (only partial-delete ordering remains); and `--info=name2` emits `NAME is
@@ -110,6 +113,85 @@
     caveats, so the row stays ⚠️ and the matrix is unchanged at
     **111 ✅ / 14 ⚠️ / 32 ❌ = 157**.
 
+13. **Wire parity track 4a** on `feat/parity-2.28` (`PROTOCOL_VERSION` stays
+    `2.28.0`): the receiver now has a delete-time filter engine. The sender
+    compiles its root-level selection rules exactly as the scanner does
+    (`filter_base_build`) and streams them as one bounded, self-describing
+    config-frame block (action, sides, anchored, dir-only, negate, owner,
+    pattern; bounded rule count and pattern bytes, unknown action/sides is a
+    protocol error). The receiver reconstructs `protect_rules` and applies them
+    first-match-wins to each extraneous destination path in every delete timing
+    (the whole-tree commit walker, the `--delete-during`/`--delete-delay`
+    per-directory plans, and the `-n` would-delete enumeration), so a
+    `P *.log` rule protects a destination-only `extra.log` like rsync (with
+    `risk` cancelling); the sender-derived protected-prefix behavior is
+    preserved when no rules are sent and `--delete-excluded` semantics are
+    unchanged. Per-directory merge (`:`/`.`) receiver re-derivation remains the
+    residual. `TestFilterProtect` (real + dry-run) plus differential cases
+    `filter_protect`, `filter_protect_during`, `filter_protect_delay` added and
+    the `--filter=RULE` row moves ❌ → ✅: matrix now
+    **115 ✅ / 11 ⚠️ / 31 ❌ = 157**; unit tests, the three named integration
+    files, clang-format and cppcheck clean.
+
+14. **Wire parity track 5a** on `feat/parity-2.28` (`PROTOCOL_VERSION` stays
+    `2.28.0` by project decision): the three basis-dir options now default to
+    rsync's metadata quick-check (equal size + equal mtime, or size alone under
+    `--size-only`; `-I` disables matching) instead of FastSync's historical
+    xxHash64 content equality, so a same-size/different-content basis is trusted
+    exactly as rsync trusts it. A new FastSync-only, long-only `--verify-basis`
+    flag restores the strict whole-file content equality; its bool is appended to
+    the basis block of the config frame (golden wire frame 882 → 886 bytes).
+    `--verify-basis` streams the confined basis descriptor to hash it, and a
+    basis hit is no longer capped at the 256 MiB whole-file payload bound:
+    `--copy-dest` streams the basis through a bounded buffer and `--link-dest`'s
+    copy fallback streams from the basis, so an over-limit hit materializes (a
+    basis MISS still falls back to the normal transfer and keeps its own bound).
+    A `--copy-dest` hit re-applies the SOURCE attributes (the sender transmits
+    the source metadata with the basis check frame), matching rsync's
+    "copy then fix attributes"; a `--link-dest` success keeps the shared inode's
+    attributes (writing through it would mutate the basis). Differential cases
+    `copy_dest` and `verify_basis` added; `test_basis_dir_size_only_content_residual`
+    converted to a passing parity assertion; `TestBasisDestDirs` updated for the
+    new default + `--verify-basis`; unit tests cover the quick-check/verify
+    decision and the same-size/different-content handshake. The
+    `--compare-dest`/`--copy-dest`/`--link-dest` rows move ❌ → ⚠️ (relative-DIR
+    resolution base and over-limit MISS refusal): matrix now
+    **116 ✅ / 13 ⚠️ / 28 ❌ = 157**.
+
+15. **No-wire parity track 5b** on `feat/parity-2.28` (`PROTOCOL_VERSION` stays
+    `2.28.0` by project decision): `-y`/`--fuzzy` reclassified ❌ → ⚠️. A probe
+    against real rsync 3.4.1 (pinned `-B8192`, repeated-content 64 KiB corpus)
+    showed the name heuristic is already rsync's (`util1.c fuzzy_distance` /
+    `find_filename_suffix` + the exact size+mtime pass) and the output is always
+    byte-exact; the only residual is candidate ELIGIBILITY, because FastSync's
+    `delta_should_attempt` gate caps the size ratio at 10× and requires both
+    files ≥ 16 KiB while rsync will reuse a basis from 0.25× to 10000× and below
+    16 KiB. The choice is observable only as `--stats` bandwidth counters. Added
+    differential case `fuzzy_basis` (same-suffix sibling, one name edit,
+    identical content, block size pinned) asserting tree **and** normalized
+    `--stats` parity where the choices coincide, plus `TestFuzzy` pinning the
+    window boundary on both sides (>10× and <16 KiB siblings declined by
+    FastSync while rsync uses them, both trees byte-identical). Matrix now
+    **116 ✅ / 14 ⚠️ / 27 ❌ = 157**.
+
+16. **Lockstep delete-default track 6** on `feat/parity-2.28` (`PROTOCOL_VERSION`
+    stays `2.28.0`): plain `--delete` now defaults to rsync's delete-during
+    (`--del`) timing, normalized on the client onto the existing `delete_during`
+    wire bool. The old late whole-tree commit is opt-in via `--delete-after` or
+    the FastSync-only long `--delete-commit` (identical `delete_after` timing).
+    `-d/--dirs` still falls back to the end commit, `--delay-updates` still
+    deletes before publication, and `--files-from`/`-R` scope is unchanged. The
+    `STATUS_DELETE_PLAN` frame gained a one-int `apply` flag so the per-run
+    config block (including `--delete-missing-args` exact paths) is always
+    transmitted, on a config-only carrier when the scope allows no directory
+    plan — fixing a latent bug with a file-only `--files-from` list. Differential
+    cases `delete`/`delete_commit`/`filter_protect_after` plus the extended
+    `test_delete_timing_parity.py` (plain `--delete` mid-abort removes reached
+    extras, `--delete-commit` defers) pass; full `-m "not setpriv"` suite,
+    clang-format and cppcheck clean. Matrix unchanged at
+    **116 ✅ / 14 ⚠️ / 27 ❌ = 157** (the `--delete`/`--delete-during` rows stay
+    ⚠️ for the abort boundary; `--delete-after` stays ✅).
+
 ## Next steps
 1. **Merge PR #284** (`dev` -> `main`) once reviewed (protected branch).
 2. **Deferred security items** (documented, not implemented):

README.md

@@ -113,9 +113,11 @@ matrix is classified as parity, caveat, or divergent in
   (`-B1000`, `-essh`, `-MOPT`, `--opt=value`) are accepted, matching rsync.
 - `-r`, `-b`, `-L`, and `-B` are parsed with the rsync short names.
 - `--stats` prints the counters FastSync can observe plus the receiver-only
-  counters (`Matched data`, deleted files) reported over the wire; rsync's
+  counters reported over the wire (`Matched data`, deleted files, and the
-  per-type `Number of files` breakdown is not reproduced. `--progress` prints
+  created/literal counters); `Number of files` and `Number of created files`
-  rsync-style per-file blocks (without rsync's leading `./` line).
+  carry rsync's per-type breakdown. `--progress` prints rsync-style per-file
+  blocks including the leading `./` line, and (when progress is requested) a
+  paths-only pre-count supplies rsync's `to-chk` denominator.
 - Codecs match rsync 3.4.1: `zstd`/`lz4`/`zlib`/`zlibx` compression and
   `xxh128`/`xxh3`/`xxh64`/`md5`/`md4`/`sha1`/`none` checksums. `auto` honors
   `RSYNC_COMPRESS_LIST`/`RSYNC_CHECKSUM_LIST` and otherwise follows rsync's
@@ -205,11 +207,13 @@ This produces `./build/client` and `./build/server`. `compile_commands.json` is
 | `--compare-dest <dir>` | Extra comparison basis: unchanged files are not transferred (requires/implies `--incremental`) |
 | `--copy-dest <dir>` | Like `--compare-dest`, but copies the unchanged file from DIR into the destination |
 | `--link-dest <dir>` | Like `--copy-dest`, but hard-links the unchanged file from DIR (repeatable; earlier DIRs win) |
-| `--delete` | Delete files on receiver not present in source (default timing: delete-after, i.e. only after the whole transfer succeeded). Scoped to the synchronized directories, so `--files-from` subsets are safe |
+| `--verify-basis` | FastSync-only: require a basis hit (`--compare-dest`/`--copy-dest`/`--link-dest`) to match the source by whole-file digest instead of trusting the size+mtime quick-check (default matches rsync) |
+| `--delete` | Delete files on receiver not present in source (default timing: delete-during, matching rsync, so destination space is freed progressively). Scoped to the synchronized directories, so `--files-from` subsets are safe |
 | `--delete-before` | Delete extras before the transfer starts (implies `--delete`) |
 | `--delete-during`, `--del` | Delete extras once the keep-set is known, before data is applied (implies `--delete`) |
 | `--delete-delay` | Delete extras only after a successful transfer (implies `--delete`) |
 | `--delete-after` | Explicit delete-after timing (implies `--delete`) |
+| `--delete-commit` | FastSync-only: keep the pre-2.28 atomic timing — delete only after the whole transfer succeeded (identical timing to `--delete-after`) |
 | `--delete-excluded` | Also delete filter-excluded destination mirrors (size-pruned mirrors stay protected) |
 | `--max-delete <n>` | Delete at most n destination entries; the rest are skipped and the run exits 25 (partial), matching rsync |
 | `--delay-updates` | Put updated files into place only at the end of the transfer (`--force` is honored at publication) |
@@ -567,6 +571,7 @@ remote SSH argv is already built injection-safe.
 | `--compare-dest <dir>` | Extra comparison basis: unchanged files are not transferred (requires/implies `--incremental`). |
 | `--copy-dest <dir>` | Like `--compare-dest`, but copies the unchanged file from DIR into the destination. |
 | `--link-dest <dir>` | Like `--copy-dest`, but hard-links the unchanged file from DIR (repeatable; earlier DIRs win). |
+| `--verify-basis` | FastSync-only: require a basis hit to match the source by whole-file digest instead of trusting the size+mtime quick-check (default matches rsync). |
 | `--preallocate` | Allocate destination file space up front (fail-fast on a full disk). |
 | `--append` | Resume a shorter destination by appending only its tail (prefix not verified; requires `--incremental`). |
 | `--append-verify` | Like `--append`, but verifies the retained prefix checksum first (falls back to a full transfer on mismatch). |
@@ -574,6 +579,7 @@ remote SSH argv is already built injection-safe.
 | `--delete-before` | Delete extras before the transfer starts (implies `--delete`). |
 | `--delete-during`, `--del` | Delete extras once the keep-set manifest is known, before data is applied (implies `--delete`; early mode, same engine behaviour as `--delete-before`). |
 | `--delete-delay` | Delete extras only after a successful transfer (implies `--delete`; commit mode, same behaviour as `--delete-after`). |
+| `--delete-commit` | FastSync-only: atomic delete-after timing (only after the whole transfer succeeded). |
 | `--delete-after` | Explicit delete-after timing: delete only after the transfer succeeded (implies `--delete`). |
 | `--delete-excluded` | Also delete filter-excluded destination mirrors (size-pruned mirrors stay protected). |
 | `--max-delete <n>` | Delete at most n destination entries; the rest are skipped and the run exits 25 (partial), matching rsync. |

src/client/client_cli.c

@@ -997,6 +997,12 @@ static const OptionEntry OPTION_TABLE[] = {
     {"--delete-during", "--del", OPT_FLAG, offsetof(Config, delete_during)},
     {"--delete-delay", NULL, OPT_FLAG, offsetof(Config, delete_delay)},
     {"--delete-after", NULL, OPT_FLAG, offsetof(Config, delete_after)},
+    /* FastSync-only long spelling of the late whole-tree commit, which selects
+       the same timing as rsync's --delete-after in FastSync (the whole-tree
+       keep-set manifest is committed only after the entire transfer succeeded).
+       Plain --delete now defaults to delete-during, so this restores the old
+       FastSync behavior; it maps onto the same delete_after wire field. */
+    {"--delete-commit", NULL, OPT_FLAG, offsetof(Config, delete_after)},
     {"--delete-excluded", NULL, OPT_FLAG, offsetof(Config, delete_excluded)},
     {"--max-delete", NULL, OPT_SIGNED_INT, offsetof(Config, max_delete)},
     {"--ignore-errors", NULL, OPT_FLAG, offsetof(Config, ignore_errors)},
@@ -1054,6 +1060,11 @@ static const OptionEntry OPTION_TABLE[] = {
      * --remote-option is parsed.  --trust-sender is a local receiver policy and
      * never travels to the remote peer. */
     {"--trust-sender", NULL, OPT_FLAG, offsetof(Config, trust_sender)},
+    /* FastSync-only (not an rsync option): require a basis-hit's content to
+     * match the source by whole-file digest instead of trusting rsync's
+     * size+mtime quick-check.  Long-only; crosses the wire so the receiver
+     * performs the extra read/hash. */
+    {"--verify-basis", NULL, OPT_FLAG, offsetof(Config, verify_basis)},
 };
 
 /* Only boolean options with no required argument are safe to negate. */
@@ -1096,6 +1107,7 @@ static const NegatableOption NEGATABLE_OPTIONS[] = {
     {"xattrs", "X", offsetof(Config, preserve_xattrs)},
     {"acls", "A", offsetof(Config, preserve_acls)},
     {"fake-super", NULL, offsetof(Config, fake_super)},
+    {"verify-basis", NULL, offsetof(Config, verify_basis)},
 };
 
 static bool opt_is(const char* arg, const char* name, const char* alias) {
@@ -1507,7 +1519,9 @@ static bool cli_handle_table_option(CliParseCtx* ctx) {
   if (entry->offset == offsetof(Config, per_dir_filter) && config->per_dir_filter_count < INT_MAX)
     config->per_dir_filter_count++;
   /* A delete-timing flag selects when --delete removes extras, so it
-     implies --delete exactly like the rsync options do. */
+     implies --delete exactly like the rsync options do.  --delete-commit (the
+     FastSync-only late-commit spelling) is mapped onto delete_after and so is
+     covered here too. */
   if (entry->offset == offsetof(Config, delete_before) ||
       entry->offset == offsetof(Config, delete_during) ||
       entry->offset == offsetof(Config, delete_delay) ||
@@ -2561,6 +2575,18 @@ static bool cli_handle_outbuf_option(CliParseCtx* ctx) {
  * -1 on error. */
 static int cli_finalize_config(Config* config, bool verbose, bool no_delta, bool no_incremental) {
   set_log_level(config->quiet ? LOG_LEVEL_ERROR : (verbose ? LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG : LOG_LEVEL_WARNING));
+  /* rsync's plain --delete defaults to delete-during (--del): each directory's
+     extras are removed as that directory is processed, so space is freed
+     progressively and a tight destination never has to hold the whole old+new
+     tree at once.  The late whole-tree commit FastSync historically used is
+     still selected explicitly by --delete-after or by the FastSync-only long
+     spelling --delete-commit (an exact alias for --delete-after).  Resolve the
+     default on the client, before validation and before the config crosses the
+     wire, so exactly one timing flag is ever set; an explicit timing (including
+     --delete-commit) always wins. */
+  if (config->use_delete && !config->delete_before && !config->delete_during &&
+      !config->delete_delay && !config->delete_after)
+    config->delete_during = true;
   if (config->compress_choice) {
     int algo = compression_algo_from_name(config->compress_choice);
     if (algo >= 0) {

src/client/client_send.c

@@ -1047,53 +1047,6 @@ static bool files_from_list_check(const Config* config, ArrayList* missing_dest,
   return true;
 }
 
-/* Basis directories are honored by the receiver's per-file incremental check,
-   which (like every whole-file payload path in FastSync) is bounded by
-   MAX_RECEIVE_WHOLE_FILE_SIZE.  rsync would apply basis dirs to files of any
-   size; FastSync cannot, so when basis dirs are requested this preflight scan
-   refuses the run up front with a clear diagnostic instead of letting the
-   receiver abort the whole transfer mid-stream with no client explanation.
-   Returns true when the tree can be transferred. */
-static bool basis_oversize_preflight(const Config* config) {
-  PreparedScanner prepared;
-  if (!prepare_scanner(config, 0, &prepared))
-    return false;
-  DirectoryScanner* scanner =
-      directory_scanner_create_with_options(config->send_directory, &prepared.options);
-  if (!scanner) {
-    prepared_scanner_destroy(&prepared);
-    return false;
-  }
-  bool ok = true;
-  Chunk* chunk;
-  while ((chunk = directory_scanner_next(scanner)) != NULL) {
-    for (int i = 0; i < chunk->element_count; i++) {
-      File* f = chunk->items[i];
-      if (f == NULL || f->is_dir || f->data == NULL || f->data->size <= MAX_RECEIVE_WHOLE_FILE_SIZE)
-        continue;
-      char* escaped = output_escape(file_wire_path(f), config->eight_bit_output);
-      log_message(LOG_LEVEL_ERROR,
-                  "%s is %llu bytes, larger than the %llu-byte whole-file transfer limit; "
-                  "--compare-dest/--copy-dest/--link-dest cannot sync files above this limit",
-                  escaped ? escaped : "<allocation failed>", (unsigned long long)f->data->size,
-                  (unsigned long long)MAX_RECEIVE_WHOLE_FILE_SIZE);
-      free(escaped);
-      ok = false;
-      break;
-    }
-    chunk_destroy(chunk);
-    if (!ok)
-      break;
-  }
-  if (directory_scanner_failed(scanner) || directory_scanner_had_io_error(scanner))
-    ok = false;
-  /* The scanner borrows prepared.options' base_filters/hardlinks pointers, so
-     prepared must outlive the scanner. */
-  directory_scanner_destroy(scanner);
-  prepared_scanner_destroy(&prepared);
-  return ok;
-}
-
 /* Read the daemon's MOTD frame and, unless --no-motd, display it on stdout.
  *
  * The daemon sends the MOTD as the first thing after the config-frame STATUS_OK
@@ -1939,11 +1892,13 @@ static int incremental_check(Client* client, File* file, const Config* config,
     return -1;
   if (!send_n_data(client->file_descriptor, &mtime_nsec, sizeof(mtime_nsec)))
     return -1;
-  /* With alternate basis directories the receiver must be able to verify the
+  /* The whole-file digest (negotiated --checksum-choice algorithm and
-   * content of every candidate basis file, so the sender supplies its whole-file
+   * --checksum-seed) is only needed when it drives a decision: --checksum's
-   * digest (computed with the negotiated --checksum-choice algorithm and
+   * per-file quick check, or a --verify-basis content equality.  Under the
-   * --checksum-seed) for every file even when --checksum was not requested. */
+   * default metadata quick-check the receiver never reads it, so the sender
-  if (config->checksum || config_has_basis(config)) {
+   * skips the full-file read/hash exactly as rsync does for a plain
+   * --link-dest run. */
+  if (config->checksum || config->verify_basis) {
     uint8_t digest[CHECKSUM_MAX_DIGEST_LEN];
     size_t digest_len = 0;
     if (!file_checksum(file, (ChecksumAlgo)config->checksum_algo, config->checksum_seed, digest,
@@ -1954,6 +1909,15 @@ static int incremental_check(Client* client, File* file, const Config* config,
         !send_n_data(client->file_descriptor, digest, wire_len))
       return -1;
   }
+  /* Basis directories: the receiver materializes a hit from the basis without a
+   * data frame, so it would otherwise only have the basis inode's metadata.
+   * Transmit the SOURCE metadata with the check (rsync's copy-then-fix) so a
+   * --copy-dest hit / --link-dest copy fallback applies the source's
+   * attributes.  Symmetric with incremental_check_receive_request. */
+  if (config_has_basis(config) && config->use_metadata) {
+    if (!metadata_send(client->file_descriptor, file->metadata))
+      return -1;
+  }
   Status s;
   if (!receive_status(client->file_descriptor, &s))
     return -1;
@@ -2193,12 +2157,6 @@ static int send_dry_run_remote(Config* config) {
   }
   if (missing_args)
     array_list_delete(missing_args);
-  /* Alternate basis dirs force the whole-file per-file check on the real
-     receiver; refuse an oversize source up front exactly as send_files does so
-     dry-run reports the same clear diagnostic instead of aborting mid-stream. */
-  if (config_has_basis(config) && !basis_oversize_preflight(config))
-    return 1;
-
   /* A live session may follow, so arm graceful abort handling. */
   client_set_abort_armed(true);
   Client* client = connect_transfer_client(config);
@@ -3240,11 +3198,6 @@ int send_files(Config* config) {
       array_list_delete(missing_args);
     return 1;
   }
-  if (config_has_basis(config) && !basis_oversize_preflight(config)) {
-    if (missing_args)
-      array_list_delete(missing_args);
-    return 1;
-  }
 
   /* From here on a server session may be live, so Ctrl-C/SIGTERM should set the
      abort flag (and be forwarded as STATUS_ABORT) instead of terminating. */
@@ -3334,7 +3287,8 @@ int send_files(Config* config) {
       prepared.options.synced_dirs = synced_dirs;
     }
   }
-  /* The late-timing modes (plain --delete / --delete-after) build the manifest
+  /* The late-timing modes (--delete-after/--delete-commit and a plain --delete
+     that fell back from per-dir mode because of -d/--dirs) build the manifest
      while streaming and send it after the last data frame.  --delete-before
      sends a whole-tree keep-set up front; --delete-during/--delete-delay build a
      per-directory plan set up front (paths only) and stream the plans alongside
@@ -3682,11 +3636,6 @@ int send_files_multithreaded(Config** config_ptr) {
       array_list_delete(missing_args);
     return 1;
   }
-  if (config_has_basis(config) && !basis_oversize_preflight(config)) {
-    if (missing_args)
-      array_list_delete(missing_args);
-    return 1;
-  }
 
   /* Armed only once a session may go live (see send_files). */
   client_set_abort_armed(true);

src/client/usage.c

@@ -62,8 +62,7 @@ void print_usage(void) {
   printf("  NOTE: the FastSync batch format is NOT interoperable with rsync's batch\n");
   printf("  files (different container format); do not mix the two tools.\n");
   printf("  --delete            Delete files on receiver not in source\n");
-  printf("                      (default timing: delete only after the whole\n");
+  printf("                      (default timing: delete-during, like rsync --del)\n");
-  printf("                      transfer has succeeded)\n");
   printf("  --delete-before     Delete extras before the transfer starts\n");
   printf("                      (implies --delete)\n");
   printf("  --delete-during     Delete a directory's extras as that directory is\n");
@@ -72,7 +71,9 @@ void print_usage(void) {
   printf("  --delete-delay      Record the extras during the scan but remove them\n");
   printf("                      only after a successful transfer (implies --delete)\n");
   printf("  --delete-after      Delete only after the whole transfer succeeded\n");
-  printf("                      (the default --delete timing; implies --delete)\n");
+  printf("                      (implies --delete)\n");
+  printf("  --delete-commit     FastSync-only: restore the late whole-tree commit\n");
+  printf("                      (identical to --delete-after; implies --delete)\n");
   printf("  --delete-excluded   Also delete destination files that were excluded on\n");
   printf("                      the source (default protects them, matching rsync)\n");
   printf("  --max-delete=NUM    Delete at most NUM destination entries per run; if the\n");
@@ -93,7 +94,8 @@ void print_usage(void) {
   printf("  -m, --prune-empty-dirs  Do not create empty directories (a recursive transfer\n");
   printf("                      otherwise recreates them, like rsync)\n");
   printf("  Note: each timing flag implies --delete.  Combining a timing flag with\n");
-  printf("  --no-delete (in either order) is rejected as a config error.\n");
+  printf("  --no-delete (in either order) is rejected as a config error, as is more\n");
+  printf("  than one timing flag.\n");
   printf("  --ignore-existing  Skip files that already exist on receiver\n");
   printf("  --delay-updates    Put updated files into place only at the end of transfer\n");
   printf("  --dirs, -d, --old-dirs, --old-d  Transfer the named directory entries without\n");
@@ -138,6 +140,9 @@ void print_usage(void) {
   printf("                    into the destination instead of transferring its data\n");
   printf("  --link-dest <dir>   Like --copy-dest, but hard-links the unchanged file from DIR\n");
   printf("                    into the destination (repeatable; earlier DIRs win)\n");
+  printf("  --verify-basis      FastSync-only: require a basis hit's content to match the\n");
+  printf("                    source by whole-file digest instead of trusting rsync's\n");
+  printf("                    size+mtime (or --size-only) quick-check\n");
   printf("  --checksum-choice, --cc <alg>  Whole-file checksum algorithm for --incremental/\n");
   printf("                    --checksum compares.  Accepted: xxh128 (default), xxh3, xxh64\n");
   printf("                    (aka xxhash), md5, md4, sha1, or none.  A two-name\n");

src/server/receiver.c

@@ -305,14 +305,16 @@ int receiver_process(Config* config, int file_descriptor, const ReceiverSink* si
 
 /* Runs the whole receive loop.  The delete manifest may legitimately arrive
    either FIRST (--delete-before / --delete-during: the sender transmits the
-   validated keep-set before any file data) or LAST (plain --delete /
+   validated keep-set before any file data) or LAST (--delete-after /
-   --delete-after / --delete-delay: the manifest closes the data stream).  In
+   --delete-commit / --delete-delay: the manifest closes the data stream).  In
    the early modes the receiver deletes as soon as the manifest has been read
    and acknowledges with STATUS_OK so the sender only starts streaming once the
    deletion has committed (or failed); in the late modes the manifest is held
    and the deletion is committed only after the terminal STATUS_FINISHED proves
-   the whole transfer succeeded.  See receiver_process_pending() for how the -m
+   the whole transfer succeeded.  A plain --delete defaults to the per-directory
-   receiver defers that commit until its disk writer has drained. */
+   delete-during plan mode (no manifest at all).  See
+   receiver_process_pending() for how the -m receiver defers that commit until
+   its disk writer has drained. */
 int receiver_process_pending(Config* config, int file_descriptor, const ReceiverSink* sink,
                              DeleteManifest** pending_manifest, DeletePlanSession** pending_plans) {
   Status status;

src/shared/checksum.c

@@ -224,23 +224,31 @@ bool checksum_digest_file(ChecksumAlgo algo, uint64_t seed, const char* path, ui
   if (fd < 0)
     return false;
 
+  bool ok = checksum_digest_fd(algo, seed, fd, out, out_capacity, out_len);
+  close(fd);
+  return ok;
+}
+
+bool checksum_digest_fd(ChecksumAlgo algo, uint64_t seed, int fd, uint8_t* out, size_t out_capacity,
+                        size_t* out_len) {
+  if (fd < 0 || !out || !out_len || out_capacity < CHECKSUM_MAX_DIGEST_LEN)
+    return false;
+
   if (algo == CHECKSUM_ALGO_NONE) {
     /* No checksum requested: nothing to read; an empty digest succeeds. */
-    close(fd);
     *out_len = 0;
     return true;
   }
 
   uint8_t buffer[64 * 1024];
   bool ok = false;
+  lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
 
   if (algo == CHECKSUM_ALGO_MD5 || algo == CHECKSUM_ALGO_SHA1) {
     const EVP_MD* md = algo == CHECKSUM_ALGO_MD5 ? EVP_md5() : EVP_sha1();
     EVP_MD_CTX* ctx = EVP_MD_CTX_new();
-    if (!ctx) {
+    if (!ctx)
-      close(fd);
       return false;
-    }
     unsigned int digest_len = 0;
     if (EVP_DigestInit_ex(ctx, md, NULL) == 1) {
       ok = true;
@@ -259,7 +267,6 @@ bool checksum_digest_file(ChecksumAlgo algo, uint64_t seed, const char* path, ui
         ok = false;
     }
     EVP_MD_CTX_free(ctx);
-    close(fd);
     return ok;
   }
 
@@ -276,7 +283,6 @@ bool checksum_digest_file(ChecksumAlgo algo, uint64_t seed, const char* path, ui
       md4_final(&ctx, out);
       *out_len = 16;
     }
-    close(fd);
     return ok;
   }
 
@@ -286,16 +292,13 @@ bool checksum_digest_file(ChecksumAlgo algo, uint64_t seed, const char* path, ui
     XXH64_reset(&xxh64, seed);
   } else if (algo == CHECKSUM_ALGO_XXH3 || algo == CHECKSUM_ALGO_XXH128) {
     xxh3 = XXH3_createState();
-    if (!xxh3) {
+    if (!xxh3)
-      close(fd);
       return false;
-    }
     if (algo == CHECKSUM_ALGO_XXH3)
       XXH3_64bits_reset_withSeed(xxh3, seed);
     else
       XXH3_128bits_reset_withSeed(xxh3, seed);
   } else {
-    close(fd);
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -329,7 +332,6 @@ bool checksum_digest_file(ChecksumAlgo algo, uint64_t seed, const char* path, ui
   }
   if (xxh3)
     XXH3_freeState(xxh3);
-  close(fd);
   return ok;
 }
 

src/shared/checksum.h

@@ -51,6 +51,13 @@ bool checksum_digest(ChecksumAlgo algo, uint64_t seed, const void* data, size_t
 bool checksum_digest_file(ChecksumAlgo algo, uint64_t seed, const char* path, uint8_t* out,
                           size_t out_capacity, size_t* out_len);
 
+/* Descriptor form of the streaming digest: rewinds `fd` to the start and hashes
+ * to EOF without closing it.  Used by the --verify-basis path to hash an
+ * already-open, root-confined basis descriptor.  Same contract as
+ * checksum_digest_file. */
+bool checksum_digest_fd(ChecksumAlgo algo, uint64_t seed, int fd, uint8_t* out, size_t out_capacity,
+                        size_t* out_len);
+
 /* Resolve a --checksum-choice string (case-insensitive) to an algorithm id.
  * Accepts "xxh64"/"xxhash", "xxh3", "xxh128", "md5", "md4", "sha1", "none".
  * "auto" is not an algorithm here; the caller resolves it to the negotiated

src/shared/config.c

@@ -791,6 +791,8 @@ void config_delete(Config* config) {
   if (config->filters) {
     array_list_delete(config->filters);
   }
+  filter_rule_list_free(config->protect_rules);
+  config->protect_rules = NULL;
   /* A --delay-updates staging tree is transient receiver state: remove any
      leftovers on every exit path (success already emptied it). */
   if (config->delay_context)
@@ -1026,6 +1028,124 @@ static bool receive_basis_entries(int fd, Config* c, ConfigStringBudget* budget)
   return true;
 }
 
+/* Receiver-side delete-protection rules (protocol 2.28.0).  The sender compiles
+ * its command-line selection rules exactly as the scanner does and streams the
+ * result as one bounded, self-describing block (count + per-rule records); the
+ * receiver reconstructs a FilterRuleList for the --delete extras walk.  owner
+ * and pattern are charged through the shared ConfigStringBudget and the block
+ * additionally enforces MAX_FILTER_RULES / MAX_FILTER_BYTES. */
+static bool send_protect_entries(int fd, const Config* c) {
+  int count = c->filters ? c->filters->size : 0;
+  const char** texts = NULL;
+  if (count > 0) {
+    texts = malloc((size_t)count * sizeof(char*));
+    if (!texts)
+      return false;
+    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
+      texts[i] = (const char*)c->filters->items[i];
+  }
+  char err[160];
+  FilterRuleList* rules =
+      filter_base_build(texts, count, c->cvs_exclude, c->delete_excluded, err, sizeof(err));
+  free(texts);
+  if (!rules) {
+    log_message(LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "invalid filter rule: %s", err);
+    return false;
+  }
+  bool ok = send_int(fd, rules->count);
+  for (int i = 0; ok && i < rules->count; i++) {
+    const FilterRule* r = rules->items[i];
+    /* Mirror the receiver's limit so the peer never receives a rule it will
+       reject as a protocol error. */
+    if (r->pattern && strlen(r->pattern) > MAX_PROTECT_PATTERN_LEN) {
+      log_message(LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "filter pattern exceeds %d bytes", MAX_PROTECT_PATTERN_LEN);
+      filter_rule_list_free(rules);
+      return false;
+    }
+    ok = send_int(fd, (int)r->action) && send_int(fd, (int)r->sides) &&
+         send_int(fd, r->anchored ? 1 : 0) && send_int(fd, r->dir_only ? 1 : 0) &&
+         send_int(fd, r->negate ? 1 : 0) && send_str(fd, r->owner ? r->owner : "") &&
+         send_str(fd, r->pattern ? r->pattern : "");
+  }
+  filter_rule_list_free(rules);
+  return ok;
+}
+
+static bool receive_protect_entries(int fd, Config* c, ConfigStringBudget* budget) {
+  int count;
+  if (!receive_int(fd, &count))
+    return false;
+  if (count < 0 || count > MAX_FILTER_RULES)
+    return false;
+  if (count == 0)
+    return true;
+  FilterRuleList* list = filter_rule_list_create();
+  if (!list)
+    return false;
+  size_t pattern_bytes = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+    int action;
+    int sides;
+    bool anchored;
+    bool dir_only;
+    bool negate;
+    if (!receive_int(fd, &action) ||
+        (action != FILTER_ACTION_EXCLUDE && action != FILTER_ACTION_INCLUDE) ||
+        !receive_int(fd, &sides) || sides < (int)FILTER_SIDE_SENDER ||
+        sides > (int)(FILTER_SIDE_SENDER | FILTER_SIDE_RECEIVER) ||
+        !receive_wire_bool(fd, &anchored) || !receive_wire_bool(fd, &dir_only) ||
+        !receive_wire_bool(fd, &negate))
+      goto fail;
+    char* owner = config_receive_str(fd, budget);
+    if (!owner)
+      goto fail;
+    char* pattern = config_receive_str(fd, budget);
+    if (!pattern || pattern[0] == '\0') {
+      free(owner);
+      free(pattern);
+      goto fail;
+    }
+    /* A pattern too long to be evaluated by glob_match against a PATH_MAX path
+       would silently fail to match and leave a protect rule inert (fail-open:
+       the entry is then deleted).  Reject it up front as a protocol error
+       rather than accept a rule that can never shield anything. */
+    if (strlen(pattern) > MAX_PROTECT_PATTERN_LEN) {
+      free(owner);
+      free(pattern);
+      goto fail;
+    }
+    size_t bytes = strlen(owner) + strlen(pattern);
+    if (bytes > MAX_FILTER_BYTES - pattern_bytes) {
+      free(owner);
+      free(pattern);
+      goto fail;
+    }
+    pattern_bytes += bytes;
+    FilterRule* rule = calloc(1, sizeof(FilterRule));
+    if (!rule) {
+      free(owner);
+      free(pattern);
+      goto fail;
+    }
+    rule->action = (FilterAction)action;
+    rule->sides = (unsigned)sides;
+    rule->anchored = anchored;
+    rule->dir_only = dir_only;
+    rule->negate = negate;
+    rule->owner = owner;
+    rule->pattern = pattern;
+    if (!filter_rule_list_add(list, rule)) {
+      filter_rule_free(rule);
+      goto fail;
+    }
+  }
+  c->protect_rules = list;
+  return true;
+fail:
+  filter_rule_list_free(list);
+  return false;
+}
+
 static bool send_identity_entries(int fd, const IdentityMap* map, int count) {
   for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
     if (!send_int(fd, map[i].from) || !send_int(fd, map[i].from_hi) || !send_int(fd, map[i].to) ||
@@ -1153,6 +1273,9 @@ fail:
 #define CONFIG_RECV_BLOCK_IDMAP(name)                                                              \
   receive_identity_entries(fd, budget, c->name##_count, &c->name)
 
+#define CONFIG_SEND_BLOCK_PROTECT_RULES(name) send_protect_entries(fd, c)
+#define CONFIG_RECV_BLOCK_PROTECT_RULES(name) receive_protect_entries(fd, c, budget)
+
 /* One table entry, applied in sequence.  XSEND/XRECV are statement macros so
  * consecutive entries read as a plain sequence of assignments. */
 #define XSEND(name, ctype, def, kind) ok = ok && (CONFIG_SEND_##kind(name));
@@ -1190,6 +1313,7 @@ CONFIG_DEFINE_SEND(send_privilege_options, CONFIG_WIRE_PRIVILEGE_FIELDS)
 CONFIG_DEFINE_SEND(send_copy_as_options, CONFIG_WIRE_COPY_AS_FIELDS)
 CONFIG_DEFINE_SEND(send_output_options, CONFIG_WIRE_OUTPUT_FIELDS)
 CONFIG_DEFINE_SEND(send_codec_options, CONFIG_WIRE_CODEC_FIELDS)
+CONFIG_DEFINE_SEND(send_protect_options, CONFIG_WIRE_PROTECT_FIELDS)
 
 CONFIG_DEFINE_RECV(receive_core_fields, CONFIG_WIRE_CORE_FIELDS)
 CONFIG_DEFINE_RECV(receive_delta_fields, CONFIG_WIRE_DELTA_FIELDS)
@@ -1210,6 +1334,7 @@ CONFIG_DEFINE_RECV(receive_privilege_options, CONFIG_WIRE_PRIVILEGE_FIELDS)
 CONFIG_DEFINE_RECV(receive_copy_as_options, CONFIG_WIRE_COPY_AS_FIELDS)
 CONFIG_DEFINE_RECV(receive_output_options, CONFIG_WIRE_OUTPUT_FIELDS)
 CONFIG_DEFINE_RECV(receive_codec_options, CONFIG_WIRE_CODEC_FIELDS)
+CONFIG_DEFINE_RECV(receive_protect_options, CONFIG_WIRE_PROTECT_FIELDS)
 
 #undef XSEND
 #undef XRECV
@@ -1328,7 +1453,8 @@ bool config_send_wire_block(int file_descriptor, const Config* config) {
          send_privilege_options(file_descriptor, config) &&
          send_copy_as_options(file_descriptor, config) &&
          send_output_options(file_descriptor, config) &&
-         send_codec_options(file_descriptor, config);
+         send_codec_options(file_descriptor, config) &&
+         send_protect_options(file_descriptor, config);
 }
 
 bool config_send(int file_descriptor, const Config* config) {
@@ -1400,7 +1526,8 @@ Config* config_receive_with_validate(int file_descriptor, ConfigValidateFunc val
       !receive_privilege_options(file_descriptor, config, &budget) ||
       !receive_copy_as_options(file_descriptor, config, &budget) ||
       !receive_output_options(file_descriptor, config, &budget) ||
-      !receive_codec_options(file_descriptor, config, &budget))
+      !receive_codec_options(file_descriptor, config, &budget) ||
+      !receive_protect_options(file_descriptor, config, &budget))
     goto error;
   /* Validate/normalize the negotiated codec.  compress_choice is the human
    * spelling (NULL or "" when -z was not given); compression_algo is the

src/shared/config.h

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "array_list.h"
 #include "checksum.h"
 #include "compression.h"
+#include "filter.h"
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
@@ -197,9 +198,18 @@ typedef enum SuperMode { SUPER_MODE_AUTO = 0, SUPER_MODE_ON = 1, SUPER_MODE_OFF
   X(skip_compress_count, int, 0, INT_SKIPCOUNT)                                                    \
   X(skip_compress_suffixes, char**, NULL, BLOCK_SKIP_SUFFIXES)
 
+/* FastSync-only --verify-basis (protocol 2.28.0, no version bump by project
+ * decision): restores the stricter content equality on a basis hit.  By
+ * default a basis hit is accepted on rsync's metadata quick-check alone (equal
+ * size plus equal mtime, or size alone under --size-only); with this flag the
+ * receiver ALSO requires the basis bytes' whole-file digest (the negotiated
+ * --checksum-choice algorithm) to equal the sender's, exactly FastSync's
+ * historical behavior.  It is a receiver policy and crosses the wire so the
+ * receiver knows whether to read and hash the basis content. */
 #define CONFIG_WIRE_BASIS_FIELDS(X)                                                                \
   X(basis_count, int, 0, INT_BASISCOUNT)                                                           \
-  X(basis_dirs, BasisDest*, NULL, BLOCK_BASIS)
+  X(basis_dirs, BasisDest*, NULL, BLOCK_BASIS)                                                     \
+  X(verify_basis, bool, false, BOOL)
 
 #define CONFIG_WIRE_FUZZY_FIELDS(X) X(fuzzy, bool, false, BOOL)
 
@@ -293,6 +303,20 @@ typedef enum SuperMode { SUPER_MODE_AUTO = 0, SUPER_MODE_ON = 1, SUPER_MODE_OFF
 #define CONFIG_WIRE_CODEC_FIELDS(X)                                                                \
   X(compression_algo, int, COMPRESSION_ALGO_ZSTD, INT_COMPRESSION_ALGO)
 
+/* Receiver-side delete-protection filter rules (protocol 2.28.0).  The sender
+ * compiles its root-level selection rules exactly as the scanner does
+ * (filter_base_build over --filter/-f/--exclude/--include/-C) and streams them
+ * as one self-describing, bounded block (count followed by per-rule records).
+ * The receiver reconstructs `protect_rules` and evaluates them against
+ * DESTINATION-ONLY entries during the --delete extras walk, so a
+ * `protect`/`P` rule protects an extra that never appeared on the sender
+ * (rsync re-derives deletion protection from the filter list; FastSync
+ * historically derived it only from the source scan).  `protect_rules` is NULL
+ * on the sender and is owned/freed by the receiver Config.  Bounded by
+ * MAX_FILTER_RULES and MAX_FILTER_BYTES; an unknown action/sides is a protocol
+ * error. */
+#define CONFIG_WIRE_PROTECT_FIELDS(X) X(protect_rules, FilterRuleList*, NULL, BLOCK_PROTECT_RULES)
+
 /* All serialized fields, in exact wire order.  Concatenating the per-segment
  * lists here is what keeps the declaration order = the wire order. */
 #define CONFIG_WIRE_FIELDS(X)                                                                      \
@@ -315,7 +339,8 @@ typedef enum SuperMode { SUPER_MODE_AUTO = 0, SUPER_MODE_ON = 1, SUPER_MODE_OFF
   CONFIG_WIRE_PRIVILEGE_FIELDS(X)                                                                  \
   CONFIG_WIRE_COPY_AS_FIELDS(X)                                                                    \
   CONFIG_WIRE_OUTPUT_FIELDS(X)                                                                     \
-  CONFIG_WIRE_CODEC_FIELDS(X)
+  CONFIG_WIRE_CODEC_FIELDS(X)                                                                      \
+  CONFIG_WIRE_PROTECT_FIELDS(X)
 
 typedef struct Config {
   /* -j/--threads=N: number of parallel scanner worker threads for the -m
@@ -617,10 +642,14 @@ typedef struct Config {
      source directory is streamed in directory order, and the receiver removes
      each directory's extras when its plan arrives (during) or snapshots them
      and removes them only after a successful transfer (delay).  delete_after
-     (and plain --delete) keep the whole-tree commit mode: extras are removed
+     keeps the whole-tree commit mode: extras are removed from a fresh
-     from a fresh end-of-transfer destination scan only after the whole transfer
+     end-of-transfer destination scan only after the whole transfer succeeded.
-     succeeded.  See config_delete_timing_early()/config_delete_timing_per_dir()
+     A plain --delete with no explicit timing flag defaults to delete_during on
-     below. */
+     the client (cli_finalize_config), matching rsync's --del default; the old
+     late-commit behavior is selected explicitly by --delete-after or the
+     FastSync-only long spelling --delete-commit (an exact alias for
+     --delete-after, mapped onto the same wire field).  See
+     config_delete_timing_early()/config_delete_timing_per_dir() below. */
   /* partial_dir */
   // PR #174: Partial transfer resumption
   /* suffix */
@@ -1025,11 +1054,31 @@ typedef struct Config {
  * same-version handshake (config_receive rejects a mismatched version before
  * parsing anything else) keeps mixed deployments from ever reaching that
  * state. */
+/* (9) Receiver-side delete protection (still protocol 2.28.0): the config frame
+ * gains one trailing self-describing block carrying the sender's compiled base
+ * filter rules so the receiver can protect DESTINATION-ONLY entries from
+ * --delete with `protect`/`risk` rules (rsync parity).  The block appends after
+ * compression_algo; see CONFIG_WIRE_PROTECT_FIELDS. */
 #define PROTOCOL_VERSION "2.28.0"
 #define DEFAULT_CHUNK_SIZE (10 * 1024 * 1024)
 /* Upper bound on total basis-dir entries (rsync caps --link-dest at 20). */
 #define MAX_BASIS_DIRS 64
 
+/* Bounds on the received receiver-side delete-protection rule block.  The rule
+ * count and the aggregate pattern+owner bytes are each capped so a hostile
+ * peer cannot pin unbounded pre-auth memory; both are validated strictly on
+ * receive (alongside the per-string ConfigStringBudget). */
+/* A peer may supply protect rules; cap the list so a crafted config cannot make
+ * the receiver's delete walk evaluate an unbounded number of glob patterns per
+ * destination entry (glob_match is O(pattern x path)).  1024 is far above any
+ * legitimate selection. */
+#define MAX_FILTER_RULES 1024
+#define MAX_FILTER_BYTES (256 * 1024)
+/* glob_match's DP is capped at 64 Mi work units; a pattern longer than this
+ * could exceed the cap against a PATH_MAX path and silently stop matching,
+ * leaving a protect rule inert.  Reject such a rule at receive time. */
+#define MAX_PROTECT_PATTERN_LEN 8192
+
 /* Upper bound on the number of --skip-compress suffixes accepted from the wire.
  * Each suffix is an independent wire string (up to MAX_STRING_SIZE = 64 KiB), so
  * without this a hostile pre-auth client could otherwise retain
@@ -1131,8 +1180,11 @@ bool config_delete_timing_early(const Config* config);
  * commits them only after a fully-successful transfer (delay). */
 bool config_delete_timing_per_dir(const Config* config);
 /* Delete-timing sanity: with deletion enabled at most one timing flag may be
- * set (none = the default delete-after commit timing); without deletion no
+ * set; without deletion no timing flag may be set (each timing flag implies
- * timing flag may be set (each timing flag implies --delete). */
+ * --delete).  A plain --delete is normalized to delete_during by
+ * cli_finalize_config on the client, so a transmitted use_delete config always
+ * carries exactly one timing; the zero-timing case remains valid only for a
+ * config that has not been through the CLI. */
 bool config_has_valid_delete_timing(const Config* config);
 
 /* Single source of truth for the cross-field ("combination") invariants a

src/shared/delete_plan.c

@@ -331,6 +331,8 @@ static int send_plan_node(int fd, DeletePlanSender* sender, PlanNode* node) {
       return -1;
     sender->config_sent = true;
   }
+  if (!send_int(fd, 1)) /* apply = true */
+    return -1;
   if (!send_wire_str(fd, node->dir))
     return -1;
   if (send_str_section(fd, node->dirs) != 0 || send_str_section(fd, node->files) != 0)
@@ -339,6 +341,29 @@ static int send_plan_node(int fd, DeletePlanSender* sender, PlanNode* node) {
   return 0;
 }
 
+/* Transmit the one-shot per-run config block (protected prefixes, size-pruned
+ * mirrors, --delete-missing-args exact paths) on its own carrier frame, with
+ * apply=false so the receiver consumes the config but walks nothing.  This is
+ * how the config still reaches the receiver when the scope allows no directory
+ * plan at all (a --files-from list of bare files synchronizes no directory):
+ * without it, the missing-args exact deletions would be lost.  Idempotent. */
+static int send_config_only(int fd, DeletePlanSender* sender) {
+  if (!sender || sender->config_sent)
+    return 0;
+  if (!send_status(fd, STATUS_DELETE_PLAN) || !send_int(fd, 1))
+    return -1;
+  if (send_str_section(fd, sender->protected_prefixes) != 0 ||
+      send_str_section(fd, sender->size_skipped) != 0 ||
+      send_str_section(fd, sender->missing_args) != 0)
+    return -1;
+  sender->config_sent = true;
+  if (!send_int(fd, 0)) /* apply = false */
+    return -1;
+  if (!send_wire_str(fd, ".") || !send_int(fd, 0) || !send_int(fd, 0))
+    return -1;
+  return 0;
+}
+
 static int send_prefix_plan(int fd, DeletePlanSender* sender, const char* dir) {
   PlanNode* node = plan_find(sender, dir);
   if (!node || node->sent)
@@ -354,6 +379,10 @@ int delete_plan_send_root(int fd, DeletePlanSender* sender) {
   const char* root = sender->walk_root ? sender->walk_root : ".";
   if (!plan_ensure(sender, root))
     return -1;
+  /* Put the config block on the wire first, on its own carrier frame, so the
+     receiver always sees it even when the scope permits no directory plan. */
+  if (send_config_only(fd, sender) != 0)
+    return -1;
   return send_prefix_plan(fd, sender, root);
 }
 
@@ -546,12 +575,18 @@ static int open_plan_dir(const Config* config, const char* dir) {
 typedef struct PlanSkips {
   DeleteSkipEntry* entries;
   int count;
+  /* Receiver-side delete-protection rules received on the config frame (NULL
+     when the sender sent none).  Evaluated per extra so a protect/risk rule is
+     honored under --delete-during/--delete-delay exactly like the whole-tree
+     commit walker. */
+  const FilterRuleList* protect_rules;
 } PlanSkips;
 
 static bool build_plan_skips(const Config* config, const DeletePlanSession* session,
                              PlanSkips* out) {
   out->entries = NULL;
   out->count = 0;
+  out->protect_rules = config->protect_rules;
   int count = (config->delay_updates ? 1 : 0) + config->basis_count +
               session->protected_prefixes->size + session->size_skipped->size;
   if (count == 0)
@@ -733,6 +768,10 @@ static bool process_children(int dirfd, const char* dir_rel, const ArrayList* ke
     bool is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
     bool in_keep_dirs = is_dir && list_contains_str(keep_dirs, entry->d_name);
     bool in_keep_files = !is_dir && list_contains_str(keep_files, entry->d_name);
+    bool rule_protected =
+        skips->protect_rules &&
+        filter_rules_apply_side(skips->protect_rules, child_rel, entry->d_name, is_dir,
+                                FILTER_SIDE_RECEIVER) == FILTER_ACTION_PROTECT;
     if (in_keep_dirs) {
       local_survives = true;
     } else if (keep_dirs && !is_dir && list_contains_str(keep_dirs, entry->d_name)) {
@@ -750,11 +789,18 @@ static bool process_children(int dirfd, const char* dir_rel, const ArrayList* ke
       else if (!removed)
         local_survives = true;
     } else if (is_dir) {
-      bool removed = false;
+      if (rule_protected) {
-      if (!process_extra_dir(dirfd, entry->d_name, child_rel, force_now, skips, session, &removed))
-        operation_ok = false;
-      else if (!removed)
         local_survives = true;
+      } else {
+        bool removed = false;
+        if (!process_extra_dir(dirfd, entry->d_name, child_rel, force_now, skips, session,
+                               &removed))
+          operation_ok = false;
+        else if (!removed)
+          local_survives = true;
+      }
+    } else if (rule_protected) {
+      local_survives = true;
     } else {
       if (!process_extra_file(dirfd, entry->d_name, child_rel, force_now, session))
         operation_ok = false;
@@ -833,6 +879,14 @@ int delete_plan_session_receive(DeletePlanSession* session, const Config* config
     }
     session->config_seen = true;
   }
+  /* apply=false is the config-only carrier frame: the receiver consumes the
+     config (and the missing-args exact deletions) but must not walk any
+     directory.  Every real plan carries apply=true. */
+  int apply;
+  if (!receive_int(fd, &apply) || (apply != 0 && apply != 1)) {
+    send_status(fd, STATUS_ERROR);
+    return -1;
+  }
   char* dir = receive_wire_str(fd);
   ArrayList* dirs = array_list_create(free);
   ArrayList* files = array_list_create(free);
@@ -850,7 +904,7 @@ int delete_plan_session_receive(DeletePlanSession* session, const Config* config
   if (!session->dry_run && enabled) {
     if (!session->defer && !apply_missing(session, config))
       ok = false;
-    if (ok && !apply_plan_dir(session, config, dir, dirs, files))
+    if (ok && apply && !apply_plan_dir(session, config, dir, dirs, files))
       ok = false;
   }
   free(dir);

src/shared/delete_plan.h

@@ -48,11 +48,14 @@ void delete_plan_sender_finalize(DeletePlanSender* sender, const ArrayList* sync
    Directory keep entries do not count, so an I/O error that hid every file
    still refuses to delete. */
 bool delete_plan_sender_empty(const DeletePlanSender* sender);
-/* Attach the global config sections advertised on the first plan frame. */
+/* Attach the global config sections advertised on the first plan frame.  The
+ * block is always transmitted by delete_plan_send_root(), on a config-only
+ * carrier frame when the scope allows no directory plan. */
 void delete_plan_sender_set_config(DeletePlanSender* sender, const ArrayList* protected_prefixes,
                                    const ArrayList* size_skipped, const ArrayList* missing_args);
 /* Send the root plan (even before any data, so root extras are handled like
- * rsync's first generator directory).  Returns -1 on I/O error. */
+ * rsync's first generator directory), after transmitting the per-run config
+ * block on its own carrier frame.  Returns -1 on I/O error. */
 int delete_plan_send_root(int fd, DeletePlanSender* sender);
 /* Send the plans for every ancestor of `path` (root-first) and, when is_dir,
  * for `path` itself; already-sent plans are skipped. */

src/shared/file.c

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #include <unistd.h>
 
 #include "data.h"
+#include "checksum.h"
 #include "delta.h"
 #include "file.h"
 #include "file_store.h"
@@ -24,6 +25,13 @@
 #include "utils.h"
 #include "protocol.h"
 #include "xattr.h"
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+/* Files larger than this are not loaded whole for transfer (the sender streams
+ * them); a whole-file digest is computed from the path instead.  Kept in sync
+ * with the sender's streaming threshold. */
+#define STREAM_THRESHOLD (64ULL * 1024 * 1024)
 
 static bool write_all(int fd, const void* data, unsigned long long size) {
   const unsigned char* p = data;
@@ -39,6 +47,31 @@ static bool write_all(int fd, const void* data, unsigned long long size) {
   return true;
 }
 
+/* Streaming copy of an open source descriptor into the just-created destination
+   `fd` (already at offset 0).  Used by the --copy-dest basis install so a basis
+   larger than any in-memory whole-file bound still materializes without
+   buffering the entire file.  `expected_size` is the caller-verified basis
+   size; the copy must produce exactly that many bytes (a short source is a hard
+   error, never a silently truncated destination).  The final ftruncate drops
+   any residual tail a raced-in longer source might have left. */
+static bool copy_fd_all(int dst_fd, int src_fd, unsigned long long expected_size) {
+  unsigned char buf[1 << 20];
+  unsigned long long done = 0;
+  while (done < expected_size) {
+    unsigned long long remaining = expected_size - done;
+    size_t want = remaining < sizeof(buf) ? (size_t)remaining : sizeof(buf);
+    ssize_t n = read(src_fd, buf, want);
+    if (n < 0 && errno == EINTR)
+      continue;
+    if (n <= 0)
+      return false;
+    if (!write_all(dst_fd, buf, (unsigned long long)n))
+      return false;
+    done += (unsigned long long)n;
+  }
+  return ftruncate(dst_fd, (off_t)expected_size) == 0;
+}
+
 /* Preallocate `size` bytes on `fd` before any data is written (--preallocate).
  * fallocate(2) reserves real disk blocks, so an out-of-space condition
  * (ENOSPC/EDQUOT) surfaces up front instead of partway through a transfer;
@@ -140,6 +173,12 @@ bool file_checksum(File* file, ChecksumAlgo algo, uint64_t seed, uint8_t* out, s
   if (file->data->size == 0) {
     return checksum_digest(algo, seed, "", 0, out, out_capacity, out_len);
   }
+  /* A streamed source (data not loaded) may exceed any in-memory whole-file
+     bound; hash it from the file path in bounded buffers instead of forcing a
+     full load.  This is the same digest the receiver recomputes on the basis. */
+  if (!file->data->data && file->path && file->data->size > STREAM_THRESHOLD &&
+      checksum_digest_file(algo, seed, file->path, out, out_capacity, out_len))
+    return true;
   if (!file->data->data && !file_load_data(file))
     return false;
   return checksum_digest(algo, seed, file->data->data, file->data->size, out, out_capacity,
@@ -176,6 +215,7 @@ File* file_create(const char* path) {
   file->is_dir = false;
   file->dir_time_only = false;
   file->basis_link = NULL;
+  file->basis_copy = NULL;
   file->link_group = 0;
   file->link_first = false;
   file->hardlink_target = NULL;
@@ -205,6 +245,8 @@ void file_destroy(void* item) {
   file->send_path = NULL;
   free(file->basis_link);
   file->basis_link = NULL;
+  free(file->basis_copy);
+  file->basis_copy = NULL;
   free(file->hardlink_target);
   file->hardlink_target = NULL;
   free(file->symlink_target);
@@ -1512,6 +1554,161 @@ bool file_to_disk_secure_attrs_counted(const char* path, const void* data,
  * basis).  Likewise `xattrs`/`fake_super` are applied only on the copy
  * fallback, so a fallback copy preserves the per-file attributes instead of
  * silently dropping them. */
+/* Streaming --copy-dest basis install: atomically materialize `path` from the
+ * bytes of `basis_path` without holding the file in memory, so a basis larger
+ * than any whole-file bound still works.  Mirrors the ordinary secure store
+ * path (confined parent walk, temp + rename, --update/--ignore-existing/
+ * --preallocate/--temp-dir) but sources the data from the basis descriptor
+ * rather than a caller buffer, and applies the SOURCE metadata (rsync copies
+ * then fixes attributes).  A hard-link install that falls back to a byte copy
+ * also routes through here when the caller supplies the basis path. */
+static bool file_copy_basis_stream_impl(const char* path, const char* basis_path,
+                                        unsigned long long expected_size, bool preallocate,
+                                        const FileMetadata* metadata, FileAttrPolicy policy,
+                                        bool update, bool no_replace, bool use_fsync,
+                                        const FileXattrList* xattrs, bool fake_super,
+                                        const char* temp_dir, unsigned* dirs_created,
+                                        const char* count_floor) {
+  if (!path || !basis_path)
+    return false;
+  char* leaf = NULL;
+  int dirfd = file_open_secure_parent_counted(path, &leaf, true, dirs_created, count_floor);
+  if (dirfd < 0)
+    return false;
+
+  char* basis_leaf = NULL;
+  int basis_dirfd = file_open_secure_parent(basis_path, &basis_leaf, false);
+  int src_fd = -1;
+  if (basis_dirfd >= 0 && basis_leaf != NULL) {
+    /* O_NONBLOCK rejects a raced-in FIFO without blocking; the S_ISREG gate
+       below is the real type check. */
+    src_fd = openat(basis_dirfd, basis_leaf, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_NOFOLLOW | O_NONBLOCK);
+    struct stat src_st;
+    if (src_fd >= 0 && (fstat(src_fd, &src_st) != 0 || !S_ISREG(src_st.st_mode))) {
+      close(src_fd);
+      src_fd = -1;
+    }
+  }
+  if (basis_dirfd >= 0)
+    close(basis_dirfd);
+  free(basis_leaf);
+  if (src_fd < 0) {
+    close(dirfd);
+    free(leaf);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  struct stat destination_stat;
+  bool destination_is_regular = fstatat(dirfd, leaf, &destination_stat, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) == 0 &&
+                                S_ISREG(destination_stat.st_mode);
+  if (update && metadata && destination_is_regular && stat_is_newer(&destination_stat, metadata)) {
+    close(src_fd);
+    close(dirfd);
+    free(leaf);
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (no_replace && file_path_exists_secure(path)) {
+    close(src_fd);
+    close(dirfd);
+    free(leaf);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  int scratch_dirfd = -1;
+  if (temp_dir) {
+    scratch_dirfd = file_open_temp_dir(temp_dir);
+    if (scratch_dirfd < 0) {
+      int saved_errno = errno;
+      log_message(LOG_LEVEL_ERROR,
+                  "--temp-dir '%s' could not be opened (rsync requires it to already exist): %s",
+                  temp_dir, strerror(saved_errno));
+      close(src_fd);
+      close(dirfd);
+      free(leaf);
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  int target_dirfd = scratch_dirfd >= 0 ? scratch_dirfd : dirfd;
+  int tmp_size = snprintf(NULL, 0, ".%s.tmp.%ld.%llu", leaf, (long)getpid(), ~0ULL);
+  char* tmp = NULL;
+  bool ok = false;
+  if (tmp_size >= 0)
+    tmp = malloc((size_t)tmp_size + 1);
+  if (tmp) {
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 100 && !ok; ++i) {
+      if (scratch_dirfd >= 0)
+        snprintf(tmp, (size_t)tmp_size + 1, ".%s.tmp.%ld.%llu", leaf, (long)getpid(),
+                 next_temp_sequence());
+      else
+        snprintf(tmp, (size_t)tmp_size + 1, ".%s.tmp.%ld.%u", leaf, (long)getpid(), i);
+      int fd =
+          openat(target_dirfd, tmp, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_CLOEXEC | O_NOFOLLOW, 0600);
+      if (fd < 0) {
+        if (errno != EEXIST)
+          break;
+        continue;
+      }
+      bool wrote = true;
+      if (preallocate && expected_size > 0 && preallocate_fd(fd, expected_size) != 0)
+        wrote = false;
+      if (wrote)
+        wrote = copy_fd_all(fd, src_fd, expected_size);
+      if (wrote && metadata) {
+        if (!policy.perms &&
+            fchmod(fd, file_mode_base(metadata, destination_is_regular,
+                                      destination_is_regular ? destination_stat.st_mode & 0777
+                                                             : 0)) != 0)
+          wrote = false;
+        if (wrote)
+          wrote = file_restore_metadata_fd(fd, metadata, policy);
+      } else if (wrote && fchmod(fd, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH) != 0) {
+        wrote = false;
+      }
+      if (wrote)
+        restore_extra_fd(fd, metadata, xattrs, fake_super, policy);
+      if (wrote && use_fsync)
+        wrote = fsync(fd) == 0;
+      if (close(fd) != 0)
+        wrote = false;
+      if (wrote && renameat(target_dirfd, tmp, dirfd, leaf) != 0)
+        wrote = false;
+      if (!wrote)
+        unlinkat(target_dirfd, tmp, 0);
+      ok = wrote;
+    }
+    free(tmp);
+  }
+  if (!ok && scratch_dirfd >= 0) {
+    /* Retry once with no scratch dir (rsync's EXDEV fallback). */
+    close(scratch_dirfd);
+    close(src_fd);
+    close(dirfd);
+    free(leaf);
+    return file_copy_basis_stream_impl(path, basis_path, expected_size, preallocate, metadata,
+                                       policy, update, no_replace, use_fsync, xattrs, fake_super,
+                                       NULL, dirs_created, count_floor);
+  }
+  if (scratch_dirfd >= 0)
+    close(scratch_dirfd);
+  close(src_fd);
+  close(dirfd);
+  free(leaf);
+  return ok;
+}
+
+/* --copy-dest basis install (streaming).  Applies the source metadata and the
+   per-file xattrs / --fake-super record. */
+bool file_copy_basis_stream_attrs(const char* path, const char* basis_path,
+                                  unsigned long long expected_size, bool preallocate,
+                                  const FileMetadata* metadata, FileAttrPolicy policy, bool update,
+                                  bool use_fsync, const FileXattrList* xattrs, bool fake_super,
+                                  const char* temp_dir) {
+  return file_copy_basis_stream_impl(path, basis_path, expected_size, preallocate, metadata, policy,
+                                     update, false, use_fsync, xattrs, fake_super, temp_dir, NULL,
+                                     NULL);
+}
+
 static bool file_to_disk_secure_link_impl(const char* path, const char* basis_path,
                                           const void* data, unsigned long long data_size,
                                           bool preallocate, const FileMetadata* metadata,
@@ -1521,6 +1718,10 @@ static bool file_to_disk_secure_link_impl(const char* path, const char* basis_pa
                                           const char* count_floor) {
   if (!path || !basis_path)
     return false;
+  /* The caller-supplied buffer is no longer used: the copy fallback streams
+     from the basis path (which may hold an over-limit file).  Kept in the
+     signature for the existing API. */
+  (void)data;
   char* leaf = NULL;
   int dirfd = file_open_secure_parent_counted(path, &leaf, true, dirs_created, count_floor);
   if (dirfd < 0)
@@ -1604,7 +1805,14 @@ static bool file_to_disk_secure_link_impl(const char* path, const char* basis_pa
     close(dirfd);
     free(leaf);
     /* The basis file could not be linked in (missing, cross-device, refused
-       by the filesystem).  Write a byte-identical local copy instead. */
+       by the filesystem).  Stream a byte-identical local copy from the basis
+       itself (never the possibly-absent caller buffer) so an over-limit basis
+       still materializes.  When the basis path is not a readable regular file
+       (e.g. a directory raced in), fall back to the caller-supplied bytes. */
+    if (file_copy_basis_stream_impl(path, basis_path, data_size, preallocate, metadata, policy,
+                                    false, false, use_fsync, xattrs, fake_super, temp_dir,
+                                    dirs_created, count_floor))
+      return true;
     return file_to_disk_secure_attrs_counted(
         path, data, data_size, false, false, preallocate, metadata, policy, false, false, use_fsync,
         xattrs, fake_super, false, temp_dir, dirs_created, count_floor);

src/shared/file.h

@@ -163,6 +163,16 @@ bool file_to_disk_secure_link_attrs(const char* path, const char* basis_path, co
                                     const FileMetadata* metadata, FileAttrPolicy policy,
                                     bool use_fsync, const FileXattrList* xattrs, bool fake_super,
                                     const char* temp_dir);
+/* Streaming --copy-dest install: atomically materialize `path` by copying the
+ * bytes of `basis_path` through a bounded buffer (no whole-file buffering, so
+ * an arbitrarily large basis works), applying the SOURCE metadata and the
+ * per-file xattrs / --fake-super record.  `update` honors a newer destination;
+ * a --temp-dir scratch location falls back to a direct write on EXDEV. */
+bool file_copy_basis_stream_attrs(const char* path, const char* basis_path,
+                                  unsigned long long expected_size, bool preallocate,
+                                  const FileMetadata* metadata, FileAttrPolicy policy, bool update,
+                                  bool use_fsync, const FileXattrList* xattrs, bool fake_super,
+                                  const char* temp_dir);
 /* Protocol 2.28.0 receiver-stat variants: like the two above but additionally
  * report through `dirs_created` (when non-NULL) how many parent directories the
  * confined secure walk had to create that lie strictly below `count_floor` (a

src/shared/file_receive.c

@@ -99,6 +99,12 @@ static FileSaveResult file_stage_delayed_update(const char* root_directory,
   if (file->basis_link) {
     ok = file_to_disk_secure_link(staged_path, file->basis_link, file->data->data, file->data->size,
                                   config->preallocate, metadata, policy, config->use_fsync, NULL);
+  } else if (file->basis_copy) {
+    /* --copy-dest basis hit: stream the basis into the staging tree (bounded
+       buffers, so an over-limit basis still stages). */
+    ok = file_copy_basis_stream_attrs(staged_path, file->basis_copy, file->data->size,
+                                      config->preallocate, metadata, policy, config->update,
+                                      config->use_fsync, file->xattrs, config->fake_super, NULL);
   } else {
     ok =
         file_to_disk_secure_attrs(staged_path, file->data->data, file->data->size, false, sparse,
@@ -652,7 +658,8 @@ FileSaveResult file_save_to_disk_full_ex(const char* root_directory, const File*
   char* destination_path = NULL;
   char *backup_path = NULL, *parent_copy = NULL;
 
-  if (!file || !file->path || !file->data || (file->data->size != 0 && !file->data->data) ||
+  if (!file || !file->path || !file->data ||
+      (file->data->size != 0 && !file->data->data && !file->basis_link && !file->basis_copy) ||
       (!file_get_trust_sender() && has_path_traversal(file->path)) ||
       (backup_enabled &&
        (!backup_suffix || backup_suffix[0] == '\0' || strchr(backup_suffix, '/') != NULL ||
@@ -975,6 +982,13 @@ FileSaveResult file_save_to_disk_full_ex(const char* root_directory, const File*
         disk_path, file->basis_link, file->data->data, file->data->size, config->preallocate,
         metadata, policy, config->use_fsync, file->xattrs, config->fake_super, confined_temp,
         created_dirs, count_floor);
+  } else if (config && file->basis_copy) {
+    /* --copy-dest: stream the basis bytes through a bounded buffer so a basis
+       larger than any whole-file bound still materializes.  The source
+       metadata was transmitted with the check frame. */
+    ok = file_copy_basis_stream_attrs(
+        disk_path, file->basis_copy, file->data->size, config->preallocate, metadata, policy,
+        config->update, config->use_fsync, file->xattrs, config->fake_super, confined_temp);
   } else {
     /* The plain no-replace / update / with-fsync engines, plus per-file xattr
        (-X/-A) and --fake-super application on the written fd. */
@@ -1024,6 +1038,13 @@ void receiver_stats_note_saved(ReceiverStats* stats, const File* file, bool crea
                                unsigned created_dirs) {
   if (!stats || !file)
     return;
+  /* A basis-dir hit (--link-dest/--copy-dest) materializes bytes the sender
+   * never transferred.  rsync reports no literal data and no created entry for
+   * such a file, and does not count the parent directories it creates only to
+   * hold it, so exclude the whole entry from the receiver tallies. */
+  bool basis_sourced = file->basis_link != NULL || file->basis_copy != NULL;
+  if (basis_sourced)
+    return;
   bool is_sibling = file->link_group != 0 && !file->link_first;
   if (!file->is_dir && !file->is_symlink && !file->is_special && !is_sibling) {
     unsigned long long literal = file->literal_bytes;
@@ -1298,16 +1319,17 @@ static File* receive_delta_file(int fd, const Config* config, const char* check_
 
 /* ---- Alternate basis directories (--compare-dest / --copy-dest / --link-dest) ----
  * The receiver consults the ordered basis-dir list only when the destination
- * entry is NOT already up to date.  An "exact match" requires an equal size,
+ * entry is NOT already up to date.  By default an "exact match" is rsync's
- * an equal mtime (unless --size-only), and an equal content xxHash64, so a
+ * metadata quick-check: an equal size and an equal mtime (unless --size-only).
- * hard link / local copy is only ever made from byte-identical content. */
+ * The FastSync-only --verify-basis additionally requires an equal whole-file
+ * content digest, so a hard link / local copy is only then made from
+ * byte-verified content. */
 
 typedef struct BasisMatch {
   bool hit;
   BasisDestType type;
   char* basis_path; /* owned absolute path of the matched basis file */
   struct stat st;   /* fstat() of the matched basis file */
-  Data* content;    /* owned basis bytes (or empty Data), NULL when not loaded */
 } BasisMatch;
 
 static void basis_match_free(BasisMatch* match) {
@@ -1315,8 +1337,6 @@ static void basis_match_free(BasisMatch* match) {
     return;
   free(match->basis_path);
   match->basis_path = NULL;
-  data_destroy(match->content);
-  match->content = NULL;
   match->hit = false;
   match->type = BASIS_DEST_NONE;
 }
@@ -1348,32 +1368,10 @@ static bool basis_open_regular(const char* path, unsigned long long expected_siz
   return true;
 }
 
-/* Read the whole remaining content of an open descriptor.  A zero-length file
-   yields an empty Data (data pointer NULL). */
-static Data* basis_read_content(int fd, unsigned long long size) {
-  if (size == 0)
-    return data_create_reserve(0);
-  if (size > MAX_RECEIVE_WHOLE_FILE_SIZE || size > SIZE_MAX)
-    return NULL;
-  void* buf = protocol_alloc((size_t)size);
-  if (!buf)
-    return NULL;
-  size_t got = 0;
-  while (got < (size_t)size) {
-    ssize_t n = read(fd, (char*)buf + got, (size_t)size - got);
-    if (n <= 0) {
-      free(buf);
-      return NULL;
-    }
-    got += (size_t)n;
-  }
-  return data_create(buf, (size_t)size);
-}
-
 /* --ignore-times forces every file to be updated, so no basis hit is ever
    declared (matching rsync, where -I prevents link-dest from linking). */
-static bool basis_quick_matches(const Config* config, const struct stat* st, time_t check_mtime,
+bool file_basis_quick_match(const Config* config, const struct stat* st, time_t check_mtime,
-                                long check_mtime_nsec) {
+                            long check_mtime_nsec) {
   if (config->size_only)
     return true;
   long mtime_nsec = 0;
@@ -1384,28 +1382,39 @@ static bool basis_quick_matches(const Config* config, const struct stat* st, tim
                                 config->modify_window);
 }
 
-/* Search the basis-dir list in command-line order and return the first exact
+/* True when a basis hit must be confirmed by a whole-file content digest
-   match.  When load_content is true the matched bytes are kept in out->content
+   (--verify-basis).  False is the rsync-parity default: the metadata
-   so the caller can materialize the file without re-reading it.
+   quick-check alone decides a hit. */
+bool file_basis_content_required(const Config* config) {
+  return config != NULL && config->verify_basis;
+}
 
-   An exact match ALSO requires the basis bytes' digest to equal the source's,
+/* Search the basis-dir list in command-line order and return the first match.
-   so `hash_content` gates the content read/hash itself.  A server-contacting
+   By default (no --verify-basis) rsync's metadata quick-check is sufficient:
-   --dry-run passes hash_content=false: no basis file may be read or hashed
+   basis_open_regular has already required an equal size, and
-   (that would be a 1-bit content oracle against a client-supplied digest), so a
+   file_basis_quick_match applies rsync's mtime (or --size-only) rule.
-   metadata-only pass can never confirm a hit and declines it.  The real path
+   --verify-basis additionally requires the basis bytes' whole-file digest to
-   always passes hash_content=true, keeping its behavior byte-for-byte. */
+   equal the sender's, restoring FastSync's historical content equality; that
+   digest is computed by streaming the open basis descriptor, so an arbitrarily
+   large basis is verified without buffering it.  A copy/link install re-reads
+   the basis from its path in bounded buffers, so no content buffer is kept.
+
+   `hash_content` gates content READS under --verify-basis: a server-contacting
+   --dry-run passes false because hashing a basis against a client-supplied
+   digest would be a 1-bit content oracle.  Without --verify-basis a dry-run can
+   still confirm the metadata-only hit without reading any basis bytes, matching
+   rsync's read-only quick-check. */
 static bool basis_match_find(const Config* config, const char* check_path,
                              unsigned long long check_size, time_t check_mtime,
                              long check_mtime_nsec, const uint8_t* check_digest,
-                             size_t check_digest_len, bool load_content, bool hash_content,
+                             size_t check_digest_len, bool hash_content, BasisMatch* out) {
-                             BasisMatch* out) {
   memset(out, 0, sizeof(*out));
   if (!config || !config_has_basis(config) || config->ignore_times)
     return false;
-  /* Dry-run: never read/hash basis content.  A hit cannot be decided from
+  /* --verify-basis needs the basis content; a content-blind (dry-run) pass can
-     metadata alone, so report no match (the caller treats it as would-transfer)
+     never confirm it and must not read the file, so decline without touching
-     without touching the file's contents. */
+     the basis bytes. */
-  if (!hash_content)
+  if (file_basis_content_required(config) && !hash_content)
     return false;
   for (int i = 0; i < config->basis_count; i++) {
     const BasisDest* entry = &config->basis_dirs[i];
@@ -1424,29 +1433,26 @@ static bool basis_match_find(const Config* config, const char* check_path,
     int fd;
     struct stat st;
     if (basis_open_regular(candidate, check_size, &fd, &st)) {
-      if (basis_quick_matches(config, &st, check_mtime, check_mtime_nsec)) {
+      if (file_basis_quick_match(config, &st, check_mtime, check_mtime_nsec)) {
-        Data* content = basis_read_content(fd, check_size);
+        bool hit = true;
-        if (content) {
+        if (file_basis_content_required(config)) {
           uint8_t basis_digest[CHECKSUM_MAX_DIGEST_LEN];
           size_t basis_len = 0;
-          bool hashed = checksum_digest((ChecksumAlgo)config->checksum_algo, config->checksum_seed,
+          bool hashed =
-                                        content->data, content->size, basis_digest,
+              checksum_digest_fd((ChecksumAlgo)config->checksum_algo, config->checksum_seed, fd,
-                                        sizeof(basis_digest), &basis_len);
+                                 basis_digest, sizeof(basis_digest), &basis_len);
-          if (hashed && basis_len == check_digest_len && check_digest_len > 0 &&
+          hit = hashed && basis_len == check_digest_len && check_digest_len > 0 &&
-              memcmp(basis_digest, check_digest, check_digest_len) == 0) {
+                memcmp(basis_digest, check_digest, check_digest_len) == 0;
-            out->hit = true;
+        }
-            out->type = entry->type;
+        if (hit) {
-            out->basis_path = candidate;
+          out->hit = true;
-            candidate = NULL; /* ownership transferred to out */
+          out->type = entry->type;
-            out->st = st;
+          out->basis_path = candidate;
-            out->content = load_content ? content : NULL;
+          candidate = NULL; /* ownership transferred to out */
-            if (!load_content)
+          out->st = st;
-              data_destroy(content);
+          close(fd);
-            close(fd);
+          return true;
-            return true;
-          }
         }
-        data_destroy(content);
       }
       close(fd);
     }
@@ -1871,6 +1877,12 @@ typedef struct {
   long long check_mtime_nsec;
   uint8_t check_digest[CHECKSUM_MAX_DIGEST_LEN];
   size_t check_digest_len;
+  /* Source metadata carried alongside the check frame whenever a basis dir is
+     configured (rsync keeps the whole file list; FastSync's sender-driven
+     incremental path otherwise never transmits metadata for a SKIPPED file).
+     A basis materialization applies these SOURCE attributes instead of the
+     basis inode's, matching rsync's "copy then fix attributes". */
+  FileMetadata* source_metadata;
   bool dest_exists; /* any destination entry exists (lstat succeeded) */
   bool has_old_file;
   int old_fd;
@@ -1903,6 +1915,8 @@ static void incremental_check_state_cleanup(IncrementalCheckState* state) {
   if (state->old_fd >= 0)
     close(state->old_fd);
   state->old_fd = -1;
+  file_metadata_destroy(state->source_metadata);
+  state->source_metadata = NULL;
   free(state->full_path);
   state->full_path = NULL;
   free(state->check_path);
@@ -1927,7 +1941,7 @@ static IncrementalCheckOutcome incremental_check_receive_request(IncrementalChec
     send_error_detail(fd, "invalid check mtime nanoseconds");
     return INCREMENTAL_ERROR;
   }
-  if ((config->checksum || config_has_basis(config))) {
+  if ((config->checksum || config->verify_basis)) {
     uint8_t wire_len;
     if (!receive_n_data(fd, &wire_len, sizeof(wire_len)) || wire_len == 0 ||
         wire_len > CHECKSUM_MAX_DIGEST_LEN ||
@@ -1939,8 +1953,24 @@ static IncrementalCheckOutcome incremental_check_receive_request(IncrementalChec
     if (!receive_n_data(fd, state->check_digest, state->check_digest_len))
       return INCREMENTAL_ERROR;
   }
+  /* The sender transmits the source metadata with every basis-configured check
+     so a basis hit can be materialized with the SOURCE's attributes (rsync
+     copies/copies-then-fixes; the receiver would otherwise only have the basis
+     inode's stat).  The block is symmetric and consumed unconditionally here,
+     whether or not this file ends up as a basis hit. */
+  if (config_has_basis(config) && config->use_metadata) {
+    int meta_ok = 1;
+    state->source_metadata = metadata_receive(fd, &meta_ok);
+    if (!meta_ok)
+      return INCREMENTAL_ERROR;
+  }
 
-  if (state->check_size > MAX_RECEIVE_WHOLE_FILE_SIZE) {
+  /* A basis-configured run may materialize a file larger than the whole-file
+     payload bound: a basis hit is streamed from the basis path (bounded
+     buffers), so the check size is not itself an allocation.  Every other
+     path (delta/append/full) still applies MAX_RECEIVE_WHOLE_FILE_SIZE, and a
+     miss simply falls through to the normal transfer with its own bound. */
+  if (!config_has_basis(config) && state->check_size > MAX_RECEIVE_WHOLE_FILE_SIZE) {
     send_error_detail(fd, "check size exceeds receiver limit");
     return INCREMENTAL_ERROR;
   }
@@ -2030,6 +2060,20 @@ incremental_check_ignore_existing(const IncrementalCheckState* state) {
   return INCREMENTAL_SKIP;
 }
 
+/* Metadata for a materialized basis hit: prefer the SOURCE metadata the sender
+   transmitted with the check frame (rsync copies then fixes the destination to
+   the source's attributes); fall back to the basis inode's own stat when
+   metadata was not negotiated.  Consumes state->source_metadata on success. */
+static FileMetadata* basis_take_metadata(IncrementalCheckState* state,
+                                         const struct stat* basis_st) {
+  if (state->source_metadata) {
+    FileMetadata* meta = state->source_metadata;
+    state->source_metadata = NULL;
+    return meta;
+  }
+  return file_metadata_create(NULL, basis_st, false, false);
+}
+
 /* --link-dest relink of an already up-to-date destination.  rsync hard-links a
    destination entry to a matching basis even when the entry is already correct,
    so a run over an existing tree still maximizes sharing with the basis.  Only a
@@ -2047,7 +2091,7 @@ static IncrementalCheckOutcome incremental_check_link_dest_relink(IncrementalChe
   BasisMatch basis;
   basis_match_find(config, state->check_path, state->check_size, (time_t)state->check_mtime,
                    (long)state->check_mtime_nsec, state->check_digest, state->check_digest_len,
-                   true, true, &basis);
+                   true, &basis);
   /* Only a link-dest hit relinks; a copy-dest/compare-dest hit (or a miss) lets
      the up-to-date check below keep the existing destination. */
   if (!basis.hit || basis.type != BASIS_DEST_LINK) {
@@ -2060,11 +2104,16 @@ static IncrementalCheckOutcome incremental_check_link_dest_relink(IncrementalChe
     return INCREMENTAL_CONTINUE;
   }
   File* materialized = file_create(state->check_path);
-  if (materialized && basis.content) {
+  if (materialized) {
     data_destroy(materialized->data);
-    materialized->data = basis.content;
+    materialized->data = data_create_reserve((size_t)state->check_size);
-    basis.content = NULL;
+    if (!materialized->data) {
-    materialized->metadata = file_metadata_create(NULL, &basis.st, false, false);
+      file_destroy(materialized);
+      materialized = NULL;
+    }
+  }
+  if (materialized) {
+    materialized->metadata = basis_take_metadata(state, &basis.st);
     materialized->skip = true;
     materialized->basis_link = basis.basis_path;
     basis.basis_path = NULL;
@@ -2072,9 +2121,6 @@ static IncrementalCheckOutcome incremental_check_link_dest_relink(IncrementalChe
       file_destroy(materialized);
       materialized = NULL;
     }
-  } else {
-    file_destroy(materialized);
-    materialized = NULL;
   }
   if (materialized) {
     if (!send_status(state->fd, STATUS_OK)) {
@@ -2175,12 +2221,13 @@ static IncrementalCheckOutcome incremental_check_quick_skip(IncrementalCheckStat
    materialize nothing (no basis link/copy, no append/delta/full transfer) and
    the sender must send no data, so answer STATUS_DRY_RUN_TRANSFER and stop.
 
-   The basis lookup is deliberately content-blind: a real run would only accept
+   The basis lookup is content-blind: under the default metadata quick-check a
-   a --compare-dest exact hit after hashing the basis file and comparing it with
+   hit needs no basis bytes and is honored here just as in a real run; under
-   the client-supplied digest, which in a dry-run is a 1-bit content oracle.
+   --verify-basis a real run hashes the basis against the client-supplied digest,
-   Under dry_run no basis bytes may be read, so an otherwise-matching entry is
+   which in a dry-run is a 1-bit content oracle, so no basis bytes may be read
-   treated as would-transfer instead of a skip.  Everything read here (the
+   and an otherwise-matching entry is reported as would-transfer.  Everything
-   destination file's metadata, basis candidates' metadata) is read-only. */
+   read here (the destination file's metadata, basis candidates' metadata) is
+   read-only. */
 static IncrementalCheckOutcome incremental_check_dry_run_shortcut(IncrementalCheckState* state,
                                                                   bool* skipped,
                                                                   bool* would_transfer) {
@@ -2191,12 +2238,14 @@ static IncrementalCheckOutcome incremental_check_dry_run_shortcut(IncrementalChe
   bool skip_via_compare = false;
   if (config_has_basis(config) && !config->ignore_times) {
     BasisMatch basis;
-    /* hash_content=false: a dry-run must not read or hash the basis file.  No
+    /* hash_content=false: a dry-run must not read or hash the basis file, so
-       content comparison is possible, so no compare-dest hit can be confirmed
+       under --verify-basis no compare-dest hit can be confirmed and an
-       and an otherwise-matching file is reported as would-transfer. */
+       otherwise-matching file is reported as would-transfer.  Without
+       --verify-basis the metadata quick-check confirms it without touching any
+       basis bytes. */
     basis_match_find(config, state->check_path, state->check_size, (time_t)state->check_mtime,
                      (long)state->check_mtime_nsec, state->check_digest, state->check_digest_len,
-                     false, false, &basis);
+                     false, &basis);
     if (basis.hit && basis.type == BASIS_DEST_COMPARE && !state->has_old_file)
       skip_via_compare = true;
     basis_match_free(&basis);
@@ -2224,7 +2273,7 @@ static IncrementalCheckOutcome incremental_check_try_basis(IncrementalCheckState
   BasisMatch basis;
   basis_match_find(config, state->check_path, state->check_size, (time_t)state->check_mtime,
                    (long)state->check_mtime_nsec, state->check_digest, state->check_digest_len,
-                   true, true, &basis);
+                   true, &basis);
   if (basis.hit) {
     if (basis.type == BASIS_DEST_COMPARE) {
       basis_match_free(&basis);
@@ -2234,24 +2283,30 @@ static IncrementalCheckOutcome incremental_check_try_basis(IncrementalCheckState
         return INCREMENTAL_SKIP;
       }
     } else {
+      /* Copy/link installs source their bytes from the basis PATH at install
+         time (bounded buffers), so no whole-file content buffer is needed here
+         even for an over-limit basis. */
       File* materialized = file_create(state->check_path);
-      if (materialized && basis.content) {
+      if (materialized) {
         data_destroy(materialized->data);
-        materialized->data = basis.content;
+        materialized->data = data_create_reserve((size_t)state->check_size);
-        basis.content = NULL;
+        if (!materialized->data) {
-        materialized->metadata = file_metadata_create(NULL, &basis.st, false, false);
+          file_destroy(materialized);
-        materialized->skip = true; /* receiver must not ack this as a data file */
+          materialized = NULL;
-        if (basis.type == BASIS_DEST_LINK) {
-          materialized->basis_link = basis.basis_path;
-          basis.basis_path = NULL;
         }
+      }
+      if (materialized) {
+        materialized->metadata = basis_take_metadata(state, &basis.st);
+        materialized->skip = true; /* receiver must not ack this as a data file */
+        if (basis.type == BASIS_DEST_LINK)
+          materialized->basis_link = basis.basis_path;
+        else
+          materialized->basis_copy = basis.basis_path;
+        basis.basis_path = NULL;
         if (!materialized->metadata) {
           file_destroy(materialized);
           materialized = NULL;
         }
-      } else {
-        file_destroy(materialized);
-        materialized = NULL;
       }
       if (materialized) {
         if (!send_status(fd, STATUS_OK)) {
@@ -3328,7 +3383,7 @@ static bool delete_extras_budgeted_observed(const Config* config, DeleteManifest
   size_t skipped = 0;
   DeleteWalkResult result = delete_extras_limited_observed(
       config->receive_root_directory, manifest->keeps, manifest->dirs, remaining, skips, used,
-      &deleted, &skipped, observer, observer_context);
+      config->protect_rules, &deleted, &skipped, observer, observer_context);
   if (owned_prefixes) {
     for (int i = 0; i < config->basis_count; i++)
       free(owned_prefixes[i]);
@@ -3509,7 +3564,7 @@ static bool delete_missing_args_budgeted_observed(const Config* config, DeleteMa
           PrefixedDeleteObserver nested = {observer, observer_context, rel};
           DeleteWalkResult walk =
               no_keeps ? delete_extras_limited_observed(full, no_keeps, NULL, remaining, NULL, 0,
-                                                        &contents_deleted, &contents_skipped,
+                                                        NULL, &contents_deleted, &contents_skipped,
                                                         observer ? prefixed_delete_observer : NULL,
                                                         observer ? &nested : NULL)
                        : DELETE_WALK_ERROR;
@@ -3620,7 +3675,7 @@ bool manifest_would_delete_list(const Config* config, DeleteManifest* manifest,
     used = idx;
   }
   bool ok = delete_extras_list(config->receive_root_directory, manifest->keeps, manifest->dirs,
-                               skips, used, out, count_out);
+                               skips, used, config->protect_rules, out, count_out);
   if (owned_prefixes) {
     for (int i = 0; i < config->basis_count; i++)
       free(owned_prefixes[i]);

src/shared/file_receive.h

@@ -24,6 +24,16 @@ File* file_receive_hardlink(int file_descriptor);
 File* file_receive_symlink(int file_descriptor, const Config* config);
 File* file_receive_special(int file_descriptor);
 bool file_special_rdev_valid(int32_t major, int32_t minor, mode_t mode);
+/* Testable basis quick-check / verification policy.  file_basis_quick_match is
+ * rsync's metadata quick-check for a basis candidate (equal size is required
+ * separately by the caller; this adds the --size-only / mtime / --modify-window
+ * leg).  file_basis_content_required reports whether a hit must ALSO be
+ * confirmed by a whole-file content digest (--verify-basis; false is the
+ * default rsync-parity behavior). */
+bool file_basis_quick_match(const Config* config, const struct stat* st, time_t check_mtime,
+                            long check_mtime_nsec);
+bool file_basis_content_required(const Config* config);
+
 File* receive_incremental_check(int fd, const Config* config, bool* skipped);
 /* Extended variant used by the receiver.  `would_transfer` (may be NULL) is set
  * true only on the server-contacting --dry-run path when the file is not up to

src/shared/file_types.h

@@ -57,6 +57,11 @@ typedef struct {
    * equals the incoming file, and `data` is kept as the cross-filesystem
    * fallback (a local copy) if the hard link cannot be created. */
   char* basis_link;
+  /* Receiver-only, --copy-dest: when set (and basis_link is NULL), stream the
+   * basis file's bytes into the destination instead of `data`/`data->size`.
+   * This lets a basis larger than any whole-file bound materialize without
+   * buffering it; the source metadata on `metadata` is applied afterwards. */
+  char* basis_copy;
   /* --hard-links (-H), sender + receiver wire state.  link_group is a run-local
    * id shared by every member of one source inode (0 = not part of a group).
    * The FIRST member (link_first == true) carries its data on the wire and is

src/shared/filter.h

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ typedef struct {
   char* pattern;       /* cleaned glob pattern (no leading '/', no trailing '/') */
 } FilterRule;
 
-typedef struct {
+typedef struct FilterRuleList {
   FilterRule** items; /* owned array of rule pointers */
   int count;
   int capacity;

src/shared/protocol.h

@@ -191,7 +191,9 @@ enum NET_STATUS {
    * (--delete-delay).  Payload: an int32 has_config flag (1 on the first plan
    * of the run, 0 afterwards); when set, the three global config sections
    * (protected-prefix count+paths, size-skipped count+paths, missing-args
-   * count+paths); then the destination-relative directory path wire string
+   * count+paths); then an int32 apply flag (1 for a real plan, 0 for a
+   * config-only carrier frame that must not walk a directory); then the
+   * destination-relative directory path wire string
    * ("." for the receive root); then the child-directory count + names and the
    * child-file count + names that must be kept.  Appended after
    * STATUS_DEST_INFO so no existing status is renumbered. */

src/shared/utils.c

@@ -682,7 +682,8 @@ static bool is_synced_dir(const PathIndex* dirs, const char* rel) {
    like any other non-directory extra (never followed). */
 static bool delete_extras_fd(int dirfd, const char* rel_path, const PathIndex* keep,
                              const PathIndex* dirs, DeleteBudget* budget,
-                             const DeleteSkipEntry* skips, int skip_count, bool parent_deletable,
+                             const DeleteSkipEntry* skips, int skip_count,
+                             const FilterRuleList* protect_rules, bool parent_deletable,
                              bool* all_removed, DeletePathObserver observer,
                              void* observer_context) {
   /* openat(dirfd, ".") opens an independent file description: a dup() would
@@ -729,12 +730,23 @@ static bool delete_extras_fd(int dirfd, const char* rel_path, const PathIndex* k
       free(child_rel);
       continue;
     }
-    if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+    bool is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
+    if (protect_rules && filter_rules_apply_side(protect_rules, child_rel, entry->d_name, is_dir,
+                                                 FILTER_SIDE_RECEIVER) == FILTER_ACTION_PROTECT) {
+      /* A first-match protect rule shields the extra; for a directory the whole
+         subtree is shielded (rsync prunes an excluded directory), so do not
+         descend. */
+      local_survives = true;
+      free(child_rel);
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (is_dir) {
       int childfd = openat(dirfd, entry->d_name, O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY | O_NOFOLLOW | O_CLOEXEC);
       bool child_all_removed = false;
       if (childfd >= 0) {
-        if (!delete_extras_fd(childfd, child_rel, keep, dirs, budget, skips, skip_count, deletable,
+        if (!delete_extras_fd(childfd, child_rel, keep, dirs, budget, skips, skip_count,
-                              &child_all_removed, observer, observer_context))
+                              protect_rules, deletable, &child_all_removed, observer,
+                              observer_context))
           operation_ok = false;
         close(childfd);
       } else if (errno != ENOENT) {
@@ -802,7 +814,8 @@ static bool delete_extras_fd(int dirfd, const char* rel_path, const PathIndex* k
    reportable children (depth-first), matching the delete pass's ordering. */
 static bool list_extras_fd(int dirfd, const char* rel_path, const PathIndex* keep,
                            const PathIndex* dirs, ArrayList* out, size_t* recorded,
-                           const DeleteSkipEntry* skips, int skip_count, bool parent_deletable,
+                           const DeleteSkipEntry* skips, int skip_count,
+                           const FilterRuleList* protect_rules, bool parent_deletable,
                            bool* all_removed) {
   int scanfd = openat(dirfd, ".", O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY | O_NOFOLLOW | O_CLOEXEC);
   if (scanfd < 0)
@@ -836,12 +849,21 @@ static bool list_extras_fd(int dirfd, const char* rel_path, const PathIndex* kee
       free(child_rel);
       continue;
     }
-    if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+    bool is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
+    if (protect_rules && filter_rules_apply_side(protect_rules, child_rel, entry->d_name, is_dir,
+                                                 FILTER_SIDE_RECEIVER) == FILTER_ACTION_PROTECT) {
+      /* Mirror the delete walk: a protected entry is never reported as a
+         would-delete and a protected directory's subtree is not enumerated. */
+      local_survives = true;
+      free(child_rel);
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (is_dir) {
       int childfd = openat(dirfd, entry->d_name, O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY | O_NOFOLLOW | O_CLOEXEC);
       bool child_all_removed = false;
       if (childfd >= 0) {
         if (!list_extras_fd(childfd, child_rel, keep, dirs, out, recorded, skips, skip_count,
-                            deletable, &child_all_removed))
+                            protect_rules, deletable, &child_all_removed))
           operation_ok = false;
         close(childfd);
       } else if (errno != ENOENT) {
@@ -892,7 +914,7 @@ static bool list_extras_fd(int dirfd, const char* rel_path, const PathIndex* kee
 
 bool delete_extras_list(const char* dest_root, const ArrayList* manifest,
                         const ArrayList* synced_dirs, const DeleteSkipEntry* skips, int skip_count,
-                        ArrayList* out, size_t* count_out) {
+                        const FilterRuleList* protect_rules, ArrayList* out, size_t* count_out) {
   if (count_out)
     *count_out = 0;
   if (!manifest || !out)
@@ -928,7 +950,7 @@ bool delete_extras_list(const char* dest_root, const ArrayList* manifest,
   bool all_removed = false;
   size_t recorded = 0;
   bool ok = list_extras_fd(rootfd, "", &keep, have_dirs ? &dirs : NULL, out, &recorded, skips,
-                           skip_count, false, &all_removed);
+                           skip_count, protect_rules, false, &all_removed);
   if (close(rootfd) != 0)
     ok = false;
   path_index_free(&keep);
@@ -942,6 +964,7 @@ bool delete_extras_list(const char* dest_root, const ArrayList* manifest,
 DeleteWalkResult delete_extras_limited_observed(const char* dest_root, const ArrayList* manifest,
                                                 const ArrayList* synced_dirs, size_t max_delete,
                                                 const DeleteSkipEntry* skips, int skip_count,
+                                                const FilterRuleList* protect_rules,
                                                 size_t* deleted_out, size_t* skipped_out,
                                                 DeletePathObserver observer,
                                                 void* observer_context) {
@@ -984,8 +1007,9 @@ DeleteWalkResult delete_extras_limited_observed(const char* dest_root, const Arr
   }
   DeleteBudget budget = {.max_delete = max_delete, .deleted = 0, .skipped = 0, .limit_hit = false};
   bool all_removed = false;
-  bool ok = delete_extras_fd(rootfd, "", &keep, have_dirs ? &dirs : NULL, &budget, skips,
+  bool ok =
-                             skip_count, false, &all_removed, observer, observer_context);
+      delete_extras_fd(rootfd, "", &keep, have_dirs ? &dirs : NULL, &budget, skips, skip_count,
+                       protect_rules, false, &all_removed, observer, observer_context);
   if (close(rootfd) != 0)
     ok = false;
   path_index_free(&keep);
@@ -1003,13 +1027,15 @@ DeleteWalkResult delete_extras_limited_observed(const char* dest_root, const Arr
 DeleteWalkResult delete_extras_limited(const char* dest_root, const ArrayList* manifest,
                                        const ArrayList* synced_dirs, size_t max_delete,
                                        const DeleteSkipEntry* skips, int skip_count,
-                                       size_t* deleted_out, size_t* skipped_out) {
+                                       const FilterRuleList* protect_rules, size_t* deleted_out,
+                                       size_t* skipped_out) {
   return delete_extras_limited_observed(dest_root, manifest, synced_dirs, max_delete, skips,
-                                        skip_count, deleted_out, skipped_out, NULL, NULL);
+                                        skip_count, protect_rules, deleted_out, skipped_out, NULL,
+                                        NULL);
 }
 
 bool delete_extras(const char* dest_root, const ArrayList* manifest) {
-  return delete_extras_limited(dest_root, manifest, NULL, SIZE_MAX, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL) ==
+  return delete_extras_limited(dest_root, manifest, NULL, SIZE_MAX, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, NULL) ==
          DELETE_WALK_OK;
 }
 

src/shared/utils.h

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #define UTILS_H
 
 #include "array_list.h"
+#include "filter.h"
 #include <stddef.h>
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
@@ -148,7 +149,8 @@ bool path_under_skip_prefix(const char* child_rel, bool at_root, const DeleteSki
 DeleteWalkResult delete_extras_limited(const char* dest_root, const ArrayList* manifest,
                                        const ArrayList* synced_dirs, size_t max_delete,
                                        const DeleteSkipEntry* skips, int skip_count,
-                                       size_t* deleted_out, size_t* skipped_out);
+                                       const FilterRuleList* protect_rules, size_t* deleted_out,
+                                       size_t* skipped_out);
 
 /* Optional per-deletion observer: called for each destination-relative path
    actually removed (a file, symlink, or directory), in removal order, so the
@@ -156,10 +158,15 @@ DeleteWalkResult delete_extras_limited(const char* dest_root, const ArrayList* m
 typedef void (*DeletePathObserver)(void* context, const char* rel_path);
 
 /* `delete_extras_limited_observed` is delete_extras_limited with an optional
-   observer; the observer is invoked only for entries truly removed. */
+ * observer; the observer is invoked only for entries truly removed.  When
+ * `protect_rules` is non-NULL its receiver-side verdict is evaluated for every
+ * candidate extra: a first-match PROTECT leaves the entry (and, for a
+ * directory, its whole subtree) in place, while RISK/NONE fall through to the
+ * ordinary skip-prefix/keep-set logic. */
 DeleteWalkResult delete_extras_limited_observed(const char* dest_root, const ArrayList* manifest,
                                                 const ArrayList* synced_dirs, size_t max_delete,
                                                 const DeleteSkipEntry* skips, int skip_count,
+                                                const FilterRuleList* protect_rules,
                                                 size_t* deleted_out, size_t* skipped_out,
                                                 DeletePathObserver observer,
                                                 void* observer_context);
@@ -170,7 +177,7 @@ DeleteWalkResult delete_extras_limited_observed(const char* dest_root, const Arr
    strings appended to `out` and receives their count in *count_out. */
 bool delete_extras_list(const char* dest_root, const ArrayList* manifest,
                         const ArrayList* synced_dirs, const DeleteSkipEntry* skips, int skip_count,
-                        ArrayList* out, size_t* count_out);
+                        const FilterRuleList* protect_rules, ArrayList* out, size_t* count_out);
 bool delete_extras(const char* dest_root, const ArrayList* manifest);
 /* Open the existing destination directory at `dest_root`, confined to the
    authorized root with an O_NOFOLLOW component walk (the same confinement the

tests/fuzz/fuzz_config_receive.c

@@ -119,6 +119,13 @@ static void build_canonical_frame(void) {
     cfg->usermap[0].to = MAP_TO;
     cfg->usermap[0].to_name = NULL;
   }
+  /* Force a non-empty receiver delete-protection block so the fuzzer mutates
+   * its rule count, action/sides codes and pattern strings. */
+  cfg->filters = array_list_create(free);
+  if (cfg->filters) {
+    array_list_add(cfg->filters, str_dup("P *.log"));
+    array_list_add(cfg->filters, str_dup("+r keep/**"));
+  }
   if (!cfg->send_directory || !cfg->receive_root_directory || !cfg->usermap) {
     config_delete(cfg);
     return;

tests/integration/parity_harness.py

@@ -229,6 +229,18 @@ def corpus_iconv(root: str) -> None:
         os.utime(full, (_SRC_MTIME, _SRC_MTIME))
 
 
+# Payload for the --fuzzy basis corpus: large enough for the delta engine's
+# 16 KiB minimum and with repeated content so a coinciding basis yields a
+# non-zero (and identical) Matched data count in both tools.
+FUZZY_PAYLOAD = (b"the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog\n" * 2000)[:65536]
+
+
+def corpus_fuzzy(root: str) -> None:
+    """A named regular file; the `fuzzy` seed adds the similar-suffix sibling."""
+    clean_dir(root)
+    _write(os.path.join(root, "report_v2.txt"), FUZZY_PAYLOAD)
+
+
 CORPORA: Dict[str, Callable[[str], None]] = {
     "basic": corpus_basic,
     "unicode": corpus_unicode,
@@ -240,6 +252,7 @@ CORPORA: Dict[str, Callable[[str], None]] = {
     "multidir": corpus_multidir,
     "relative": corpus_relative,
     "iconv": corpus_iconv,
+    "fuzzy": corpus_fuzzy,
 }
 
 

tests/integration/test_codecs.py

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ directory when the shared test server is launched), so every scratch tree lives
 under ``TEST_DATA_DIR`` rather than pytest's ``tmp_path``.
 """
 import os
+import random
 import shutil
 import subprocess
 import sys
@@ -68,6 +69,84 @@ def _tree_bytes(root):
     return out
 
 
+_CC_DELTA_T0 = 1_600_000_000
+_CC_DELTA_T1 = 1_600_000_100
+
+_DELTA_STATS_KEYS = (
+    "Number of created files",
+    "Number of regular files transferred",
+    "Total transferred file size",
+    "Literal data",
+    "Matched data",
+)
+
+
+def _pin_tree(root, mtime):
+    for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(root):
+        for name in dirnames + filenames:
+            path = os.path.join(dirpath, name)
+            if not os.path.islink(path):
+                os.utime(path, (mtime, mtime))
+    os.utime(root, (mtime, mtime))
+
+
+def _make_delta_basis(src, size=512 * 1024):
+    """Build a source and a matching pre-modification basis tree.
+
+    The source's ``big.bin`` is then modified in a few disjoint places and given
+    a newer mtime so both tools take the delta path.  Returns the basis dir.
+    """
+    clean_dir(src)
+    original = random.Random(20240101).randbytes(size)
+    with open(os.path.join(src, "big.bin"), "wb") as fh:
+        fh.write(original)
+    with open(os.path.join(src, "small.txt"), "wb") as fh:
+        fh.write(b"hello world\n")
+    _pin_tree(src, _CC_DELTA_T0)
+
+    basis = src.rstrip("/") + "_basis"
+    clean_dir(basis)
+    shutil.copy2(os.path.join(src, "big.bin"), os.path.join(basis, "big.bin"))
+    shutil.copy2(os.path.join(src, "small.txt"), os.path.join(basis, "small.txt"))
+    _pin_tree(basis, _CC_DELTA_T0)
+
+    modified = bytearray(original)
+    for off in (0, size // 3, 2 * size // 3, size - 64):
+        for i in range(32):
+            modified[off + i] ^= 0x5A
+    with open(os.path.join(src, "big.bin"), "wb") as fh:
+        fh.write(bytes(modified))
+    os.utime(os.path.join(src, "big.bin"), (_CC_DELTA_T1, _CC_DELTA_T1))
+    return basis
+
+
+def _seed_from_basis(basis, target):
+    clean_dir(target)
+    for name in os.listdir(basis):
+        shutil.copy2(os.path.join(basis, name), os.path.join(target, name))
+
+
+def _delta_stats(text):
+    found = {}
+    for line in text.splitlines():
+        for key in _DELTA_STATS_KEYS:
+            if line.startswith(key + ":"):
+                found[key] = line.split(":", 1)[1].strip()
+    return found
+
+
+def _big_bin_outfmt(text):
+    """The ``(c, C)`` pair from the ``big.bin`` out-format line (`%c|%C %n`)."""
+    for line in text.splitlines():
+        stripped = line.strip()
+        if "|" not in stripped or not stripped.endswith("big.bin"):
+            continue
+        c_field, rest = stripped.split("|", 1)
+        fields = rest.split()
+        return c_field.strip(), (fields[0] if fields else "")
+    return None, None
+
+
 class TestCodecChoiceMatrix:
     """The CLI accept/reject set and exit codes must match rsync 3.4.1."""
 
@@ -191,6 +270,76 @@ class TestCodecTransferDifferential:
         assert _tree_bytes(received) == _tree_bytes(rsync_dst)
 
 
+class TestChecksumChoiceDeltaSurface:
+    """--checksum-choice does not move the delta-transfer parity surface.
+
+    FastSync's delta BLOCK strong checksum is a fixed xxHash32, so the
+    negotiated algorithm only selects the whole-file comparison digest (and the
+    ``%C`` transfer digest).  A pre-seeded delta transfer must therefore land
+    byte-identical bytes and report the same counters for every choice, while
+    ``%C`` -- the one token that tracks the choice -- stays byte-identical to
+    rsync.  This pins the Track-3b reclassification in RSYNC_COMPAT.md.
+    """
+
+    CHOICES = ["xxh64", "xxh128", "xxh3", "md5", "md4", "sha1",
+               "xxh64,sha1", "sha1,xxh64"]
+
+    @requires_rsync
+    @pytest.mark.ci
+    def test_delta_surface_invariant_to_checksum_choice(self, shared_server):
+        src = _scratch("ccdelta_src")
+        basis = _make_delta_basis(src)
+        source_bytes = _tree_bytes(src)
+
+        rsync_c, fastsync_c, digests = {}, {}, {}
+        rsync_stats, fastsync_stats = {}, {}
+        for choice in self.CHOICES:
+            tag = choice.replace(",", "_")
+            rsync_dst = _scratch(f"ccdelta_rs_{tag}")
+            fs_dst = _scratch(f"ccdelta_fs_{tag}")
+            fs_root = get_dest_received_dir(fs_dst, src)
+            _seed_from_basis(basis, rsync_dst)
+            _seed_from_basis(basis, fs_root)
+
+            # Pin the block size on both ends so the literal/matched split is
+            # comparable (rsync's adaptive default would otherwise differ from
+            # FastSync's 8192-byte default).
+            rsync_result = _rsync(["-a", "--no-whole-file", "-B8192", "--stats",
+                                   "--out-format=%c|%C %n", f"--cc={choice}",
+                                   src + "/", rsync_dst + "/"])
+            assert rsync_result.returncode == 0, rsync_result.stderr
+            result, _ = run_client(
+                src, fs_dst,
+                flags=["-a", "--incremental", "--delta", "-B8192", "--stats",
+                       "--out-format=%c|%C %n", f"--cc={choice}"],
+                port=shared_server.port)
+            assert result.returncode == 0, (result.stderr or result.stdout)[:300]
+
+            assert _tree_bytes(rsync_dst) == source_bytes, choice
+            assert _tree_bytes(fs_root) == source_bytes, choice
+            assert _delta_stats(rsync_result.stdout) == _delta_stats(result.stdout), choice
+
+            rs_c, rs_C = _big_bin_outfmt(rsync_result.stdout)
+            fs_c, fs_C = _big_bin_outfmt(result.stdout)
+            assert rs_C == fs_C, f"{choice}: %C rsync={rs_C!r} fastsync={fs_C!r}"
+            rsync_c[choice] = rs_c
+            fastsync_c[choice] = fs_c
+            digests[choice] = fs_C
+            rsync_stats[choice] = _delta_stats(rsync_result.stdout)
+            fastsync_stats[choice] = _delta_stats(result.stdout)
+
+        # The choice is only observable in %C, and it is effective (the digests
+        # are not all the same algorithm's output).
+        assert len(set(digests.values())) > 1, digests
+        # The compared --stats counters are invariant across choices in each tool
+        # (and were asserted equal cross-tool inside the loop).
+        assert len({tuple(sorted(s.items())) for s in rsync_stats.values()}) == 1, rsync_stats
+        assert len({tuple(sorted(s.items())) for s in fastsync_stats.values()}) == 1, fastsync_stats
+        # The block-checksum token (%c) is invariant across choices in each tool.
+        assert len(set(rsync_c.values())) == 1, rsync_c
+        assert len(set(fastsync_c.values())) == 1, fastsync_c
+
+
 class TestCodecNegotiationFallback:
     """FastSync's auto negotiation and deterministic fallback order."""
 

tests/integration/test_delete_timing_parity.py

@@ -217,7 +217,21 @@ class _SlicingProxy:
 
 
 class TestDeleteTimingFinalStateParity:
-    """On a successful transfer the per-directory timings match rsync's result."""
+    """On a successful transfer the per-directory timings match rsync's result.
+
+    Plain ``--delete`` has no rsync-incompatible spelling: it defaults to
+    delete-during on both tools, so it is compared against rsync's own default.
+    ``--delete-commit`` is FastSync-only and selects the late whole-tree commit,
+    which is rsync's ``--delete-after`` timing.
+    """
+
+    # (fastsync flag, rsync flag)
+    PAIRS = [
+        ("--delete", "--delete"),
+        ("--delete-during", "--delete-during"),
+        ("--delete-delay", "--delete-delay"),
+        ("--delete-commit", "--delete-after"),
+    ]
 
     def _run_fastsync(self, tag, timing):
         source, dest, received = _seed_pair(tag)
@@ -226,12 +240,12 @@ class TestDeleteTimingFinalStateParity:
             result, _ = run_client(source, dest, flags=[timing], port=server.port)
         return result, received
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize("timing", ["--delete-during", "--delete-delay"])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("fs_timing,rs_timing", PAIRS)
     @requires_rsync
-    def test_success_final_state_matches_rsync(self, timing):
+    def test_success_final_state_matches_rsync(self, fs_timing, rs_timing):
-        # Worker-safe names: xdist may run both parametrizations concurrently, so
+        # Worker-safe names: xdist may run the parametrizations concurrently, so
-        # the timing is part of every fixture path.
+        # the flags are part of every fixture path.
-        label = timing.lstrip("-")
+        label = f"{fs_timing.lstrip('-')}_vs_{rs_timing.lstrip('-')}"
         # Build the rsync fixture from the same seed so both sides start equal.
         source, dest, received = _seed_pair(f"parity_rsync_{label}")
         source2 = source
@@ -240,17 +254,18 @@ class TestDeleteTimingFinalStateParity:
         # rsync mirrors src/ into dst/; seed the same extra.
         _write(os.path.join(rsync_dst, "d", "old_extra"), b"stale extra\n")
 
-        rsync_result = _rsync(["-a", timing, source2 + "/", rsync_dst + "/"])
+        rsync_result = _rsync(["-a", rs_timing, source2 + "/", rsync_dst + "/"])
         assert rsync_result.returncode == 0, rsync_result.stderr
         rsync_tree = _tree(rsync_dst)
 
         with ServerManager() as server:
             server.start(extra_args=["--allow-delete"])
-            result, _ = run_client(source, dest, flags=[timing], port=server.port)
+            result, _ = run_client(source, dest, flags=[fs_timing], port=server.port)
         assert result.returncode == 0, (result.stderr or result.stdout)[:300]
         fastsync_tree = _tree(received)
         assert fastsync_tree == rsync_tree, (
-            f"{timing}: fastsync tree {fastsync_tree} != rsync tree {rsync_tree}"
+            f"{fs_timing} vs rsync {rs_timing}: fastsync tree {fastsync_tree} != "
+            f"rsync tree {rsync_tree}"
         )
 
 
@@ -292,7 +307,14 @@ class TestDeleteTimingTypeConflictParity:
 
 
 class TestDeleteTimingFailure:
-    """A mid-transfer failure distinguishes during from delay."""
+    """A mid-transfer failure distinguishes the during timings from the late
+    commit timings.
+
+    Plain ``--delete`` must behave like ``--delete-during`` (the rsync default),
+    removing the extras of the directories already reached; ``--delete-commit``
+    must behave like ``--delete-after`` and remove nothing until the transfer
+    has fully succeeded.
+    """
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("mt", [False, True])
     def test_during_removes_delay_preserves_on_failure(self, mt):
@@ -301,8 +323,12 @@ class TestDeleteTimingFailure:
         assert os.path.exists(extra)
         with ServerManager() as server:
             server.start(extra_args=["--allow-delete"])
-            for timing, expect_removed in (("--delete-during", True),
+            for timing, expect_removed in (
-                                           ("--delete-delay", False)):
+                    ("--delete-during", True),
+                    ("--delete", True),
+                    ("--delete-delay", False),
+                    ("--delete-commit", False),
+                    ("--delete-after", False)):
                 # Re-seed the extra before each run.
                 _write(extra, b"stale extra\n")
                 proxy = _SlicingProxy(server.port, forward_limit=MID_TRANSFER_BYTES, throttle=PROXY_THROTTLE)
@@ -449,12 +475,13 @@ class TestDeleteDelayVsAfterSnapshot:
 
 
 class TestDeleteAfterThreadsKeepSet:
-    """Regression: -m/--threads with the default delete-after timing (plain
+    """Regression: -j/--threads must still transmit the delete keep-set in every
-    --delete) must still transmit the keep-set manifest and remove destination
+    timing.  PipelineContextSender.delete_suppressed was left uninitialized, so a
-    extras.  PipelineContextSender.delete_suppressed was left uninitialized, so a
+    garbage true silently skipped the late keep-set manifest under --threads.
-    garbage true silently skipped the manifest under --threads."""
+    Plain --delete now uses the per-directory plans, while --delete-commit /
+    --delete-after keep exercising the late whole-tree manifest."""
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize("delete_flag", ["--delete", "--delete-after"])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("delete_flag", ["--delete", "--delete-commit", "--delete-after"])
     def test_threads_delete_after_sends_keep_set(self, delete_flag):
         source, dest, received = _seed_pair("mtkeep")
         extra = os.path.join(received, "d", "old_extra")
@@ -465,7 +492,7 @@ class TestDeleteAfterThreadsKeepSet:
                                    port=server.port)
         assert result.returncode == 0, (result.stderr or result.stdout)[:300]
         assert not os.path.exists(extra), (
-            f"{delete_flag} --threads did not remove an extra: keep-set manifest was suppressed"
+            f"{delete_flag} --threads did not remove an extra: delete keep-set was suppressed"
         )
 
 class TestDeleteDelayMaxDeleteRefilledDir:

tests/integration/test_differential_parity.py

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ from common import (  # noqa: E402
     ServerManager,
     TEST_DATA_DIR,
     clean_dir,
+    get_dest_received_dir,
 )
 from parity_caveats import ASPECTS, caveat_for  # noqa: E402
 import parity_harness as H  # noqa: E402
@@ -116,12 +117,32 @@ def seed_delete_excluded(_src, rroot, froot):
         _mk(os.path.join(root, "keep.txt"), b"keep\n", _OLD_MTIME)
 
 
+def seed_filter_protect(_src, rroot, froot):
+    """Destination-only entries, including nested ones, for the receiver-side
+    `protect` rule: the `.log` extras must survive --delete, the rest go."""
+    for root in (rroot, froot):
+        _mk(os.path.join(root, "extra.log"), b"dest-only log\n", _OLD_MTIME)
+        _mk(os.path.join(root, "other.txt"), b"dest-only other\n", _OLD_MTIME)
+        _mk(os.path.join(root, "sub", "extra2.log"), b"nested dest-only log\n", _OLD_MTIME)
+        _mk(os.path.join(root, "sub", "other2.txt"), b"nested dest-only other\n", _OLD_MTIME)
+
+
 def seed_max_delete(_src, rroot, froot):
     for root in (rroot, froot):
         _mk(os.path.join(root, "extra1.txt"), b"e1\n", _OLD_MTIME)
         _mk(os.path.join(root, "extra2.txt"), b"e2\n", _OLD_MTIME)
 
 
+def fuzzy_basis_seed(_src, rroot, froot):
+    """Seed a same-suffix sibling whose name is one edit from the source and
+    whose content matches it, with a DIFFERENT mtime so rsync's exact
+    size+mtime pass cannot fire: both tools must select it via the
+    name-distance pass.  Where the two tools' basis choices coincide the
+    block-level results are identical when the block size is pinned."""
+    for root in (rroot, froot):
+        _mk(os.path.join(root, "report_v1.txt"), H.FUZZY_PAYLOAD, _OLD_MTIME)
+
+
 def max_delete_count_check(_src, rroot, froot, _rs, _fs):
     """The exact survivor set is order-dependent; the count must still match."""
     r = H.snapshot(rroot)
@@ -197,6 +218,18 @@ _CASES = [
     H.Case("chmod", "basic", ["-a", "--chmod=Fu+rwx"], compare_modes=True,
            ci=True, ref="--chmod"),
 
+    # --- delta / similar-file basis (--fuzzy) -----------------------------
+    # Basis choices coincide here (same-suffix sibling, name distance one edit,
+    # content identical); with the block size pinned both tools report the same
+    # Matched/Literal/transferred counters.  The residual (FastSync's narrower
+    # delta size window) is covered by TestFuzzy in test_parity_quickwins.py.
+    H.Case("fuzzy_basis", "fuzzy",
+           ["-a", "--no-whole-file", "--fuzzy", "--stats", "-B8192"],
+           fastsync_flags=["-a", "--incremental", "--delta", "--fuzzy",
+                           "--stats", "--delta-block=8192"],
+           seed=fuzzy_basis_seed, stdout=H.STDOUT_STATS, ci=True,
+           ref="-y/--fuzzy similar-file basis"),
+
     # --- deletion ---------------------------------------------------------
     H.Case("delete", "basic", ["-a", "--delete"], seed=seed_extras,
            server_args=DELETE, ci=True, ref="--delete"),
@@ -208,13 +241,36 @@ _CASES = [
            server_args=DELETE, ref="--delete-delay"),
     H.Case("delete_after", "basic", ["-a", "--delete-after"], seed=seed_extras,
            server_args=DELETE, ref="--delete-after"),
+    H.Case("delete_commit", "basic", ["-a", "--delete-after"], seed=seed_extras,
+           fastsync_flags=["-a", "--delete-commit"], server_args=DELETE,
+           ref="FastSync-only --delete-commit == rsync --delete-after"),
     H.Case("delete_excluded", "filters",
            ["-a", "--delete", "--delete-excluded", "--exclude=*.log"],
            seed=seed_delete_excluded, server_args=DELETE, ref="--delete-excluded"),
+    H.Case("exclude_protect_dest_only", "filters",
+           ["-a", "--delete", "--exclude=*.log"],
+           seed=seed_delete_excluded, server_args=DELETE, ci=True,
+           ref="--delete protects a destination-only excluded entry like rsync"),
     H.Case("max_delete", "basic", ["-a", "--delete", "--max-delete=1"],
            seed=seed_max_delete, server_args=DELETE,
            extra_check=max_delete_count_check, compare_tree=False,
            ref="--max-delete"),
+    H.Case("filter_protect", "filters",
+           ["-a", "--delete", "--filter=P *.log"],
+           seed=seed_filter_protect, server_args=DELETE, ci=True,
+           ref="--filter P/--protect receiver-side delete protection (default during)"),
+    H.Case("filter_protect_during", "filters",
+           ["-a", "--delete-during", "--filter=P *.log"],
+           seed=seed_filter_protect, server_args=DELETE, ci=True,
+           ref="--filter P/--protect under --delete-during"),
+    H.Case("filter_protect_delay", "filters",
+           ["-a", "--delete-delay", "--filter=P *.log"],
+           seed=seed_filter_protect, server_args=DELETE, ci=True,
+           ref="--filter P/--protect under --delete-delay"),
+    H.Case("filter_protect_after", "filters",
+           ["-a", "--delete-after", "--filter=P *.log"],
+           seed=seed_filter_protect, server_args=DELETE, ci=True,
+           ref="--filter P/--protect under the whole-tree --delete-after commit"),
 
     # --- relative / dirs --------------------------------------------------
     H.Case("relative_general", "basic", ["-a", "-R"], layout=H.MIRROR_ABS,
@@ -324,7 +380,11 @@ def _result_aspects(result):
 _STANDALONE_REFS = {
     "incremental_modified": "-i/--itemize-changes + incremental second run",
     "compare_dest": "--compare-dest",
+    "copy_dest": "--copy-dest",
     "link_dest": "--link-dest",
+    "link_dest_stats": "--link-dest + --stats",
+    "verify_basis": "--verify-basis (FastSync-only)",
+    "verify_basis_default": "--verify-basis (default quick-check vs rsync)",
     "added_and_deleted": "--delete across two runs",
     "added_and_deleted_seed": "--delete across two runs",
     "one_file_system": "-x/--one-file-system",
@@ -385,14 +445,17 @@ def test_compare_dest_skips_basis(parity_server_factory):
     fdst = os.path.join(TEST_DATA_DIR, "parity_cmpd_fdst")
     clean_dir(src)
     _mk(os.path.join(src, "f.txt"), b"basis-content\n")
+    _pin(os.path.join(src, "f.txt"), _OLD_MTIME)
     server = parity_server_factory(SUPER)
     rel = os.path.abspath(src).lstrip(os.sep)
 
     # rsync resolves --compare-dest relative to the destination dir; FastSync
     # resolves it under the receive root and appends the mirrored source path.
+    # Both rely on rsync's size+mtime quick-check, so the basis mtime is pinned
+    # to the source's to keep the match deterministic across a second boundary.
     def seed(_src, rroot, froot):
-        _mk(os.path.join(rroot, "basis", "f.txt"), b"basis-content\n")
+        _mk(os.path.join(rroot, "basis", "f.txt"), b"basis-content\n", _OLD_MTIME)
-        _mk(os.path.join(fdst, "basis", rel, "f.txt"), b"basis-content\n")
+        _mk(os.path.join(fdst, "basis", rel, "f.txt"), b"basis-content\n", _OLD_MTIME)
 
     def extra(_src, rroot, froot, _rs, _fs):
         out = []
@@ -420,12 +483,13 @@ def test_link_dest_hardlinks_basis(parity_server_factory):
     fdst = os.path.join(TEST_DATA_DIR, "parity_linkd_fdst")
     clean_dir(src)
     _mk(os.path.join(src, "f.txt"), b"link-basis-content\n")
+    _pin(os.path.join(src, "f.txt"), _OLD_MTIME)
     server = parity_server_factory(SUPER)
     rel = os.path.abspath(src).lstrip(os.sep)
 
     def seed(_src, rroot, froot):
-        _mk(os.path.join(rroot, "basis", "f.txt"), b"link-basis-content\n")
+        _mk(os.path.join(rroot, "basis", "f.txt"), b"link-basis-content\n", _OLD_MTIME)
-        _mk(os.path.join(fdst, "basis", rel, "f.txt"), b"link-basis-content\n")
+        _mk(os.path.join(fdst, "basis", rel, "f.txt"), b"link-basis-content\n", _OLD_MTIME)
 
     def extra(_src, rroot, froot, _rs, _fs):
         r_basis = os.stat(os.path.join(rroot, "basis", "f.txt")).st_ino
@@ -448,6 +512,134 @@ def test_link_dest_hardlinks_basis(parity_server_factory):
     _run_and_check(case_id, result)
 
 
+@requires_rsync
+@parity
+def test_link_dest_stats_matches_rsync(parity_server_factory):
+    """A basis hit must not be counted as created or literal data: rsync reports
+    zero for both, so FastSync's receiver tallies must too (regression for the
+    basis materialization over-report)."""
+    case_id = "link_dest_stats"
+    src = os.path.join(TEST_DATA_DIR, "parity_linkds_src")
+    rdst = os.path.join(TEST_DATA_DIR, "parity_linkds_rdst")
+    fdst = os.path.join(TEST_DATA_DIR, "parity_linkds_fdst")
+    clean_dir(src)
+    _mk(os.path.join(src, "f.txt"), b"link-basis-content\n")
+    _pin(os.path.join(src, "f.txt"), _OLD_MTIME)
+    server = parity_server_factory(SUPER)
+    rel = os.path.abspath(src).lstrip(os.sep)
+
+    def seed(_src, rroot, froot):
+        _mk(os.path.join(rroot, "basis", "f.txt"), b"link-basis-content\n", _OLD_MTIME)
+        _mk(os.path.join(fdst, "basis", rel, "f.txt"), b"link-basis-content\n", _OLD_MTIME)
+
+    result = H.run_differential(
+        src, rdst, fdst,
+        ["-a", "--link-dest=basis", "--stats"],
+        ["-a", f"--link-dest={os.path.join(fdst, 'basis')}", "--incremental", "--stats"],
+        server, seed=seed, ignore_paths=("basis",), stdout=H.STDOUT_STATS)
+    _run_and_check(case_id, result, ref="--link-dest + --stats")
+
+
+@requires_rsync
+@parity
+def test_copy_dest_copies_basis(parity_server_factory):
+    """--copy-dest: a basis match is materialized as an independent copy with the
+    source's attributes, matching rsync (copy then fix attributes)."""
+    case_id = "copy_dest"
+    src = os.path.join(TEST_DATA_DIR, "parity_copyd_src")
+    rdst = os.path.join(TEST_DATA_DIR, "parity_copyd_rdst")
+    fdst = os.path.join(TEST_DATA_DIR, "parity_copyd_fdst")
+    clean_dir(src)
+    _mk(os.path.join(src, "f.txt"), b"copy-basis-content\n")
+    _pin(os.path.join(src, "f.txt"), 1_600_000_000)
+    os.chmod(os.path.join(src, "f.txt"), 0o755)
+    server = parity_server_factory(SUPER)
+    rel = os.path.abspath(src).lstrip(os.sep)
+
+    def seed(_src, rroot, froot):
+        # Basis content matches the source; give the basis a different mode so a
+        # wrong "keep basis attributes" implementation is visible.
+        _mk(os.path.join(rroot, "basis", "f.txt"), b"copy-basis-content\n",
+            1_600_000_000)
+        os.chmod(os.path.join(rroot, "basis", "f.txt"), 0o644)
+        _mk(os.path.join(fdst, "basis", rel, "f.txt"), b"copy-basis-content\n",
+            1_600_000_000)
+        os.chmod(os.path.join(fdst, "basis", rel, "f.txt"), 0o644)
+
+    def extra(_src, rroot, froot, _rs, _fs):
+        out = []
+        bases = {"rsync": os.path.join(rroot, "basis", "f.txt"),
+                 "fastsync": os.path.join(fdst, "basis", rel, "f.txt")}
+        for label, root in (("rsync", rroot), ("fastsync", froot)):
+            target = os.path.join(root, "f.txt")
+            if not os.path.exists(target):
+                out.append(f"{label}: f.txt missing")
+                continue
+            if os.stat(target).st_ino == os.stat(bases[label]).st_ino:
+                out.append(f"{label}: f.txt is hard-linked, not copied")
+            if (os.stat(target).st_mode & 0o777) != 0o755:
+                out.append(f"{label}: f.txt mode "
+                           f"{oct(os.stat(target).st_mode & 0o777)} != 0o755")
+        return out
+
+    result = H.run_differential(
+        src, rdst, fdst,
+        ["-a", "--copy-dest=basis"],
+        ["-a", f"--copy-dest={os.path.join(fdst, 'basis')}", "--incremental"],
+        server, seed=seed, ignore_paths=("basis",), extra_check=extra,
+        compare_modes=True)
+    _run_and_check(case_id, result)
+
+
+@requires_rsync
+@parity
+def test_verify_basis_restores_strict_content(parity_server_factory):
+    """Default matches rsync's metadata quick-check; FastSync-only
+    `--verify-basis` restores strict content equality and transfers the source
+    when a same-size/different-content basis would otherwise be trusted."""
+    case_id = "verify_basis"
+    src = os.path.join(TEST_DATA_DIR, "parity_vbasis_src")
+    rdst = os.path.join(TEST_DATA_DIR, "parity_vbasis_rdst")
+    fdst = os.path.join(TEST_DATA_DIR, "parity_vbasis_fdst")
+    clean_dir(src)
+    _mk(os.path.join(src, "f.txt"), b"AAAA\n")
+    _pin(os.path.join(src, "f.txt"), _OLD_MTIME)
+    server = parity_server_factory(SUPER)
+    rel = os.path.abspath(src).lstrip(os.sep)
+
+    def seed(_src, rroot, froot):
+        # Same size and mtime as the source, different bytes: a metadata
+        # quick-check trusts it; --verify-basis must not.
+        for root, basis_rel in ((rroot, os.path.join("basis", "f.txt")),
+                                (fdst, os.path.join("basis", rel, "f.txt"))):
+            _mk(os.path.join(root, basis_rel), b"BBBB\n", _OLD_MTIME)
+
+    # Default: both tools trust the basis (rsync's quick check), so the
+    # destination carries the basis bytes and the trees match.
+    result = H.run_differential(
+        src, rdst, fdst,
+        ["-a", "--link-dest=basis"],
+        ["-a", f"--link-dest={os.path.join(fdst, 'basis')}", "--incremental"],
+        server, seed=seed, ignore_paths=("basis",))
+    _run_and_check(case_id + "_default", result)
+
+    # --verify-basis (FastSync only): the digest mismatch rejects the basis and
+    # the source is transferred, so the destination is the source bytes.  rsync
+    # has no such flag; assert the FastSync outcome directly against the source.
+    fdst2 = os.path.join(TEST_DATA_DIR, "parity_vbasis_fdst2")
+    clean_dir(fdst2)
+    for root, basis_rel in ((fdst2, os.path.join("basis", rel, "f.txt")),):
+        _mk(os.path.join(root, basis_rel), b"BBBB\n", _OLD_MTIME)
+    result, _ = H.run_fastsync(src, fdst2,
+                               ["-a", f"--link-dest={os.path.join(fdst2, 'basis')}",
+                                "--incremental", "--verify-basis"], server.port)
+    assert result.returncode == 0, (result.stderr or result.stdout)[:300]
+    target = os.path.join(get_dest_received_dir(fdst2, src), "f.txt")
+    with open(target, "rb") as fh:
+        assert fh.read() == b"AAAA\n", \
+            "--verify-basis must reject the same-size/different-content basis"
+
+
 @requires_rsync
 @parity
 def test_added_and_deleted_between_runs(parity_server_factory):

tests/integration/test_features.py

@@ -589,11 +589,10 @@ class TestRemoteDryRun:
 
         Covers the three cases that a real run protects: the file being updated
         (in the keep set), a filter-excluded source entry (protected prefix), and
-        a --max-size-pruned source entry (always-protected prefix).  Only the
+        a --max-size-pruned source entry (always-protected prefix).  Track 4a
-        genuine destination-only extras may appear.  Residual: a destination-only
+        adds a fourth: a destination-only entry matching the exclude rule is
-        entry matching an exclude pattern is still removed (FastSync derives
+        re-derived on the receiver and also protected, so only the genuine
-        delete protection from the source scan, not a receiver filter engine);
+        destination-only `extra.txt` appears.
-        that divergence is pinned by TestOptionParity.
         """
         source = os.path.join(TEST_DATA_DIR, "dryrep_src")
         rdst = os.path.join(TEST_DATA_DIR, "dryrep_rdst")
@@ -610,7 +609,8 @@ class TestRemoteDryRun:
         os.makedirs(received, exist_ok=True)
         for root in (rdst, received):
             for name, data in (("a.txt", b"old\n"), ("keep.log", b"log\n"),
-                               ("big.bin", b"B" * 2000), ("extra.txt", b"extra\n")):
+                               ("big.bin", b"B" * 2000), ("extra.txt", b"extra\n"),
+                               ("stray.log", b"dest only\n")):
                 with open(os.path.join(root, name), "wb") as fh:
                     fh.write(data)
                 os.utime(os.path.join(root, name), (1_500_000_000, 1_500_000_000))
@@ -631,6 +631,8 @@ class TestRemoteDryRun:
         fs_del = sorted(l for l in (result.stdout or "").splitlines()
                         if l.startswith("*deleting"))
         assert fs_del == rsync_del, f"rsync={rsync_del}\nfastsync={fs_del}"
+        assert os.path.exists(os.path.join(received, "stray.log")), \
+            "destination-only exclude match must be protected in the dry-run report"
 
     @pytest.mark.ci
     def test_remote_dry_run_quiet_is_silent(self, shared_server):
@@ -3980,15 +3982,16 @@ class TestDeleteTiming:
             assert _read_file(os.path.join(received, "sub", "deep.txt")) == b"deeply nested file\n", \
                 f"{flag}: nested file was not written after the early deletion"
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize("flag", ["--delete", "--delete-after"])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("flag", ["--delete-commit", "--delete-after"])
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("mt", [False, True])
     def test_late_flags_commit_only_after_success(self, flag, mt):
-        """Plain --delete/--delete-after defer deletion until the whole transfer
+        """--delete-commit/--delete-after defer deletion until the whole transfer
         succeeds: a mid-transfer write failure must leave every extra in place
-        (commit-style safety).  The -m receiver must also keep the extras: the
+        (commit-style safety).  Plain --delete no longer defers (it defaults to
-        deferred keep-set is committed by the server only after the disk-writer
+        delete-during), so only the explicitly late timings are exercised here.
-        thread has finished, and a failing writer means the manifest is freed,
+        The --threads receiver must also keep the extras: the deferred keep-set is
-        never applied."""
+        committed by the server only after the disk-writer thread has finished,
+        and a failing writer means the manifest is freed, never applied."""
         source = self._seed("late")
         dest = os.path.join(TEST_DATA_DIR, "deltiming_late_dst")
         clean_dir(dest)
@@ -4693,11 +4696,11 @@ class TestDeletePolicy:
             finally:
                 os.chmod(source, 0o755)
 
-    def test_delete_excluded_protection_is_sender_derived(self):
+    def test_delete_protection_reapplied_on_receiver(self):
         """Plain --delete protects destination mirrors of files the SOURCE scan
-        excluded, but a destination-only file that merely matches an exclude
+        excluded, and (track 4a) also protects a destination-only file matching
-        rule is still an extra and is removed (protection never re-applies rules
+        an exclude rule because the compiled rule set is re-applied on the
-        to the destination)."""
+        receiver, matching rsync."""
         source = os.path.join(TEST_DATA_DIR, "senderderived_src")
         clean_dir(source)
         self._write(os.path.join(source, "keep.txt"), b"kept\n")
@@ -4717,8 +4720,8 @@ class TestDeletePolicy:
                 f"delete sync failed: {(result.stderr or result.stdout)[:300]}"
             assert os.path.exists(os.path.join(received, "secret.log")), \
                 "source-excluded mirror was deleted under plain --delete"
-            assert not os.path.exists(os.path.join(received, "stray.log")), \
+            assert os.path.exists(os.path.join(received, "stray.log")), \
-                "destination-only file matching the exclude rule was left (should be deleted)"
+                "destination-only file matching the exclude rule must be protected like rsync"
 
 
 def _pin_mtime(path, ts):
@@ -4738,11 +4741,12 @@ class TestBasisDestDirs:
     STAGING = ".fastsync-stage"
     TS = 1577836800  # 2020-01-01 00:00:00 UTC, used to pin matching mtimes
 
-    # fixture files: source and basis share the mtime pin, so a basis "match"
+    # fixture files: source and basis share the mtime pin, so the DEFAULT
-    # is decided purely by content (xxHash).  unchanged.txt is byte-identical;
+    # (rsync-parity) quick-check is a size+mtime match and trusts the basis even
-    # changed.txt is byte-DIFFERENT but has the SAME SIZE as the source (and
+    # when the body differs.  unchanged.txt is byte-identical; changed.txt is
-    # the same pinned mtime), which is what forces the content-hash gate;
+    # byte-DIFFERENT but has the SAME SIZE as the source (and the same pinned
-    # added.txt does not exist in the basis at all.
+    # mtime), which is what the FastSync-only --verify-basis content gate
+    # rejects; added.txt does not exist in the basis at all.
     UNCHANGED = "unchanged.txt"
     CHANGED = "changed.txt"
     ADDED = "added.txt"
@@ -4782,18 +4786,19 @@ class TestBasisDestDirs:
         }
 
     def _basis_tree(self, prefix):
-        # unchanged.txt is identical to the source; changed.txt has the SAME
+        # unchanged.txt is identical to the source; changed.txt has a DIFFERENT
-        # byte size and pinned mtime but a different body (equal size forces
+        # size (and body) so the size leg of the quick-check fails and it is
-        # the xxHash gate); added.txt is missing from the basis.
+        # transferred normally; added.txt is missing from the basis.
         return {
             self.UNCHANGED: b"stable content v1\n",
-            self.CHANGED: b"CHANGED CONTENT NOW\n",
+            self.CHANGED: b"CHANGED CONTENT NOW AND LONGER\n",
         }
 
-    def test_same_size_different_content_is_not_a_basis_match(self, shared_server):
+    def test_same_size_different_content_default_trusts_quick_check(self, shared_server):
-        # Core safety property: equal size + pinned mtime but different content
+        # Default rsync-parity behavior: equal size + pinned mtime is a basis
-        # must NEVER be hard-linked or copied from the basis -- the xxHash gate
+        # match, so the basis body is materialized/linked without reading it.
-        # rejects it and the sender's data is transferred instead.
+        # This mirrors rsync 3.4.1's quick check (differential-tested in
+        # test_differential_parity.py::test_verify_basis_restores_strict_content).
         for flag, basis_dir in (("--link-dest", "szlb"), ("--copy-dest", "szcp"),
                                 ("--compare-dest", "szcmp")):
             source = self._make_source("basis_same_size_src",
@@ -4805,7 +4810,36 @@ class TestBasisDestDirs:
             result, _ = run_client(source, dest, flags=[f"{flag}={basis_dir}"],
                                    port=shared_server.port)
             assert result.returncode == 0, \
-                f"{flag} same-size mismatch failed: {result.stderr[:300]}"
+                f"{flag} same-size quick-check failed: {result.stderr[:300]}"
+            received = get_dest_received_dir(dest, source)
+            dest_file = os.path.join(received, self.UNCHANGED)
+            if flag == "--compare-dest":
+                assert not os.path.exists(dest_file), \
+                    f"{flag}: compare-dest must leave a matching file sparse"
+            else:
+                assert _read_file(dest_file) == b"SAME LENGTH BODY!", \
+                    f"{flag}: default quick-check did not trust the basis body"
+                if flag == "--link-dest":
+                    assert os.stat(dest_file).st_ino == os.stat(basis_file).st_ino, \
+                        f"{flag}: basis was not hard-linked"
+
+    def test_verify_basis_rejects_same_size_different_content(self, shared_server):
+        # FastSync-only --verify-basis: the whole-file digest gate rejects the
+        # same-size/different-content basis, so the source data is transferred
+        # instead of the wrong basis bytes.
+        for flag, basis_dir in (("--link-dest", "vszlb"), ("--copy-dest", "vszcp"),
+                                ("--compare-dest", "vszcmp")):
+            source = self._make_source("basis_verify_src",
+                                       {self.UNCHANGED: b"same length body\n"})
+            dest = os.path.join(TEST_DATA_DIR, f"basis_verify_dst_{basis_dir}")
+            clean_dir(dest)
+            basis_file = self._seed_basis_file(dest, source, basis_dir, self.UNCHANGED,
+                                               b"SAME LENGTH BODY!")
+            result, _ = run_client(source, dest,
+                                   flags=[f"{flag}={basis_dir}", "--verify-basis"],
+                                   port=shared_server.port)
+            assert result.returncode == 0, \
+                f"{flag} --verify-basis failed: {result.stderr[:300]}"
             received = get_dest_received_dir(dest, source)
             dest_file = os.path.join(received, self.UNCHANGED)
             assert _read_file(dest_file) == b"same length body\n", \
@@ -4837,11 +4871,13 @@ class TestBasisDestDirs:
             self._source_tree("c")[self.ADDED], "added file not transferred"
 
     @pytest.mark.ci
-    def test_dry_run_compare_dest_does_not_read_basis(self, shared_server):
+    def test_dry_run_compare_dest_quick_check_does_not_read_basis(self, shared_server):
-        # A dry-run --compare-dest must never read/hash the basis file: doing so
+        # A dry-run --compare-dest must never read/hash the basis file.  Under
-        # is a 1-bit content oracle against the client-supplied digest.  Even a
+        # the default metadata quick-check a matching basis is reported as a
-        # byte-identical basis with a matching size+mtime is therefore reported
+        # skip (matching rsync) without reading it; nothing is created.  Under
-        # as would-transfer, and nothing is created.
+        # --verify-basis, which would require hashing, the dry-run cannot
+        # confirm the hit (that would be a 1-bit content oracle) and reports
+        # would-transfer instead.
         source = self._make_source("basis_dry_src", {self.UNCHANGED: b"stable content v1\n"})
         dest = os.path.join(TEST_DATA_DIR, "basis_dry_dst")
         clean_dir(dest)
@@ -4852,11 +4888,30 @@ class TestBasisDestDirs:
                                port=shared_server.port)
         assert result.returncode == 0, \
             f"dry-run compare-dest failed: {result.stderr[:300]}"
-        assert self.UNCHANGED in result.stdout, (
+        assert self.UNCHANGED not in result.stdout, (
-            "dry-run compare-dest silently skipped: receiver read the basis content"
+            "dry-run compare-dest did not honor the metadata quick-check "
+            "(reported would-transfer for a matching basis)"
         )
         assert _snapshot_tree(dest) == before, "dry-run compare-dest mutated the destination"
 
+        # --verify-basis: the hit needs the basis content, which a dry-run must
+        # not read, so the file is reported as would-transfer.
+        dest2 = os.path.join(TEST_DATA_DIR, "basis_dry_verify_dst")
+        clean_dir(dest2)
+        self._seed_basis(dest2, source, "drybasis", {self.UNCHANGED: b"stable content v1\n"})
+        before2 = _snapshot_tree(dest2)
+        result, _ = run_client(source, dest2,
+                               flags=["--compare-dest=drybasis", "--dry-run",
+                                      "--verify-basis"],
+                               port=shared_server.port)
+        assert result.returncode == 0, \
+            f"dry-run --verify-basis compare-dest failed: {result.stderr[:300]}"
+        assert self.UNCHANGED in result.stdout, (
+            "dry-run --verify-basis must not read the basis to confirm a hit"
+        )
+        assert _snapshot_tree(dest2) == before2, \
+            "dry-run --verify-basis compare-dest mutated the destination"
+
     def test_compare_dest_content_mismatch_forces_transfer(self, shared_server):
         # The basis holds a file with a DIFFERENT body: even though it shares
         # the mtime pin, the xxHash check fails and the data must be sent.
@@ -5095,27 +5150,36 @@ class TestBasisDestDirs:
         assert os.stat(dest_file).st_ino != os.stat(basis_file).st_ino, \
             "--ignore-times must not hard-link to a basis file"
 
-    def test_basis_refuses_file_above_whole_file_limit(self, shared_server):
+    def test_basis_handles_file_above_whole_file_limit(self, shared_server):
-        # Every whole-file payload path in FastSync (basis dirs included) is
+        # Track 5a: a basis hit streams the copy (and the --verify-basis digest
-        # bounded by MAX_RECEIVE_WHOLE_FILE_SIZE.  rsync supports basis dirs for
+        # streams the basis), so a source larger than the whole-file payload
-        # arbitrary sizes; FastSync refuses such a run up front with a clear
+        # bound is supported for basis dirs exactly like rsync.  A basis MISS
-        # diagnostic instead of letting the receiver abort the whole transfer
+        # still falls back to the normal transfer, which keeps its own bound.
-        # mid-stream with no client-side explanation.
         source = self._make_source("basis_oversize_src", {"small.txt": b"ok\n"})
         big = os.path.join(source, "huge.bin")
         with open(big, "wb") as fh:
             os.ftruncate(fh.fileno(), 256 * 1024 * 1024 + 4096)
         dest = os.path.join(TEST_DATA_DIR, "basis_oversize_dst")
         clean_dir(dest)
-        result, _ = run_client(source, dest, flags=["--link-dest=nope"],
-                               port=shared_server.port)
-        assert result.returncode != 0, \
-            "basis run with an over-limit file unexpectedly succeeded"
-        assert "larger than" in result.stderr, \
-            f"no clear over-limit diagnostic: {result.stderr[:300]}"
         received = get_dest_received_dir(dest, source)
-        assert not os.path.exists(received), \
+        rel = os.path.relpath(received, dest)
-            "over-limit basis run transferred files before failing"
+        basis_big = os.path.join(dest, "ob", rel, "huge.bin")
+        os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(basis_big), exist_ok=True)
+        shutil.copyfile(big, basis_big)
+        os.utime(basis_big, (self.TS, self.TS))
+        os.utime(big, (self.TS, self.TS))
+
+        result, _ = run_client(source, dest,
+                               flags=["--link-dest=ob", "--incremental"],
+                               port=shared_server.port)
+        assert result.returncode == 0, \
+            f"over-limit basis run failed: {result.stderr[:300]}"
+        dest_big = os.path.join(received, "huge.bin")
+        assert os.path.exists(dest_big), "over-limit basis hit was not materialized"
+        assert os.path.getsize(dest_big) == 256 * 1024 * 1024 + 4096
+        assert os.stat(dest_big).st_ino == os.stat(basis_big).st_ino, \
+            "over-limit --link-dest did not hard-link to the basis"
+        assert _read_file(os.path.join(received, "small.txt")) == b"ok\n"
 
 
 def _random_payloads(size=2 * 1024 * 1024, changed=64 * 1024, seed=1234):

tests/integration/test_option_parity.py

@@ -478,14 +478,14 @@ class TestRemoteOptionDaemon:
         assert "remote-option" in (result.stderr + result.stdout)
 
 
-class TestFilterProtectDivergence:
+class TestFilterProtect:
-    """Documented residual: a protect rule that matches only a destination-only
+    """Receiver-derived delete protection: a `protect`/`P` rule is compiled by
-    entry is not re-derived on the receiver (FastSync derives delete protection
+    the sender and sent on the config frame, so the receiver shields a
-    from the source scan), so rsync protects the extra but FastSync removes it."""
+    destination-only entry that never appeared on the sender, matching rsync."""
 
     @requires_rsync
     @pytest.mark.ci
-    def test_protect_dest_only_divergence(self, shared_server):
+    def test_protect_dest_only_matches_rsync(self, shared_server):
         source = os.path.join(TEST_DATA_DIR, "fpd_src")
         dest = os.path.join(TEST_DATA_DIR, "fpd_dst")
         rdst = os.path.join(TEST_DATA_DIR, "fpd_rdst")
@@ -498,6 +498,7 @@ class TestFilterProtectDivergence:
         rsync_result = _rsync(["-a", "--delete", "--filter=P *.log", source + "/", rdst + "/"])
         assert rsync_result.returncode == 0, rsync_result.stderr
         assert os.path.exists(os.path.join(rdst, "extra.log")), "rsync did not protect extra.log"
+        assert not os.path.exists(os.path.join(rdst, "other.txt")), "rsync did not delete other.txt"
 
         clean_dir(dest)
         received = get_dest_received_dir(dest, source)
@@ -509,9 +510,29 @@ class TestFilterProtectDivergence:
                                    flags=["-a", "--delete", "--filter=P *.log"],
                                    port=server.port)
         assert result.returncode == 0, (result.stderr or result.stdout)[:200]
-        # Pin the known divergence: FastSync deletes the destination-only file.
+        assert os.path.exists(os.path.join(received, "extra.log")), (
-        assert not os.path.exists(os.path.join(received, "extra.log")), (
+            "FastSync must protect a destination-only P match like rsync")
-            "FastSync now protects destination-only P matches; the --filter row may be "
-            "upgradable to full parity"
-        )
         assert not os.path.exists(os.path.join(received, "other.txt"))
+
+    @pytest.mark.ci
+    def test_protect_dest_only_dry_run_enumeration(self, shared_server):
+        source = os.path.join(TEST_DATA_DIR, "fpd_nd_src")
+        dest = os.path.join(TEST_DATA_DIR, "fpd_nd_dst")
+        clean_dir(source)
+        _write(os.path.join(source, "keep.txt"), b"keep\n")
+        received = get_dest_received_dir(dest, source)
+        clean_dir(received)
+        _write(os.path.join(received, "keep.txt"), b"keep\n")
+        _write(os.path.join(received, "extra.log"), b"extra\n")
+        _write(os.path.join(received, "other.txt"), b"other\n")
+        with ServerManager() as server:
+            server.start(extra_args=["--allow-delete"])
+            result, _ = run_client(source, dest,
+                                   flags=["-a", "-n", "--delete", "--out-format=%n",
+                                          "--filter=P *.log"],
+                                   port=server.port)
+        assert result.returncode == 0, (result.stderr or result.stdout)[:300]
+        assert "other.txt" in result.stdout, result.stdout
+        assert "extra.log" not in result.stdout, result.stdout
+        assert os.path.exists(os.path.join(received, "extra.log"))
+        assert os.path.exists(os.path.join(received, "other.txt"))

tests/integration/test_parity_quickwins.py

@@ -719,13 +719,18 @@ class TestVerifyAndFlip:
         source = self._src("cmpd")
         dest = self._dst("cmpd")
         rdst = self._dst("cmpd_r")
+        # Pin the mtime so rsync's size+mtime quick-check (and FastSync's
+        # default) matches deterministically across a second boundary.
+        OLD = 1_500_000_000
         with open(os.path.join(source, "f.txt"), "wb") as fh:
             fh.write(b"basis-content\n")
+        os.utime(os.path.join(source, "f.txt"), (OLD, OLD))
         # rsync resolves --compare-dest relative to the destination dir; its
         # basis file sits at the transfer-relative path.
         os.makedirs(os.path.join(rdst, "basis"), exist_ok=True)
         with open(os.path.join(rdst, "basis", "f.txt"), "wb") as fh:
             fh.write(b"basis-content\n")
+        os.utime(os.path.join(rdst, "basis", "f.txt"), (OLD, OLD))
         rs = _rsync(["-a", "--compare-dest=basis", source + "/", rdst + "/"])
         assert rs.returncode == 0, rs.stderr
         assert not os.path.exists(os.path.join(rdst, "f.txt")), \
@@ -738,6 +743,7 @@ class TestVerifyAndFlip:
         os.makedirs(basis, exist_ok=True)
         with open(os.path.join(basis, "f.txt"), "wb") as fh:
             fh.write(b"basis-content\n")
+        os.utime(os.path.join(basis, "f.txt"), (OLD, OLD))
         received = get_dest_received_dir(dest, source)
         result, _ = run_client(source, dest,
                                flags=["--compare-dest=basis", "--incremental"],
@@ -751,14 +757,17 @@ class TestVerifyAndFlip:
     def test_link_dest_hardlinks_matches_rsync(self, shared_server):
         source = self._src("linkd")
         dest = self._dst("linkd")
+        OLD = 1_500_000_000
         with open(os.path.join(source, "f.txt"), "wb") as fh:
             fh.write(b"link-basis-content\n")
+        os.utime(os.path.join(source, "f.txt"), (OLD, OLD))
         rel = os.path.abspath(source).lstrip(os.sep)
         basis = os.path.join(dest, "basis", rel)
         os.makedirs(basis, exist_ok=True)
         basis_file = os.path.join(basis, "f.txt")
         with open(basis_file, "wb") as fh:
             fh.write(b"link-basis-content\n")
+        os.utime(basis_file, (OLD, OLD))
         received = get_dest_received_dir(dest, source)
         result, _ = run_client(source, dest,
                                flags=["--link-dest=basis", "--incremental"],
@@ -771,12 +780,11 @@ class TestVerifyAndFlip:
 
     @requires_rsync
     def test_basis_dir_size_only_content_residual(self, shared_server):
-        """Documented residual (RSYNC_COMPAT.md basis-dir rows): FastSync
+        """rsync parity (default): a basis hit is decided by the metadata
-        xxHash-verifies a basis hit, while rsync's `--size-only` quick check
+        quick-check alone.  With `--size-only`, a same-size, different-content
-        trusts the size alone.  With a same-size, different-content basis,
+        basis is trusted, so rsync links the basis content and FastSync must now
-        rsync links/copies the wrong basis content while FastSync transfers the
+        do the same instead of xxHash-verifying it.  `--verify-basis` restores
-        source.  This test pins both observed behaviors (FastSync is stricter,
+        the stricter content equality (covered by the differential test)."""
-        so the rows are reclassified Divergent)."""
         source = self._src("basissz")
         rdest = self._dst("basissz_r")
         fdest = self._dst("basissz_f")
@@ -806,9 +814,123 @@ class TestVerifyAndFlip:
                                flags=["-a", "--size-only", "--link-dest=basis", "--incremental"],
                                port=shared_server.port)
         assert result.returncode == 0, result.stderr[:300]
+        with open(os.path.join(received, "f.txt"), "rb") as fh:
+            assert fh.read() == b"BBBB\n", \
+                "FastSync must trust the metadata quick-check exactly like rsync"
+
+    @requires_rsync
+    def test_verify_basis_restores_content_check(self, shared_server):
+        """FastSync-only `--verify-basis`: a same-size, same-mtime basis with
+        different content is rejected by the whole-file digest, so the source is
+        transferred instead of installing the wrong basis bytes.  The default
+        (no flag) installs the basis content, matching rsync."""
+        source = self._src("vbasis")
+        fdest = self._dst("vbasis_f")
+        with open(os.path.join(source, "f.txt"), "wb") as fh:
+            fh.write(b"AAAA\n")
+        OLD = 1_400_000_000
+        os.utime(os.path.join(source, "f.txt"), (OLD, OLD))
+        rel = os.path.abspath(source).lstrip(os.sep)
+        basis = os.path.join(fdest, "basis", rel)
+        os.makedirs(basis, exist_ok=True)
+        with open(os.path.join(basis, "f.txt"), "wb") as fh:
+            fh.write(b"BBBB\n")
+        os.utime(os.path.join(basis, "f.txt"), (OLD, OLD))
+        received = get_dest_received_dir(fdest, source)
+        result, _ = run_client(source, fdest,
+                               flags=["-a", "--link-dest=basis", "--incremental",
+                                      "--verify-basis"],
+                               port=shared_server.port)
+        assert result.returncode == 0, result.stderr[:300]
         with open(os.path.join(received, "f.txt"), "rb") as fh:
             assert fh.read() == b"AAAA\n", \
-                "FastSync must verify the basis content and transfer the source"
+                "--verify-basis must reject the same-size/different-content basis"
+
+
+def _stat_bytes(output, key):
+    """Parse a --stats byte counter (e.g. ``Matched data: 65,536 bytes``)."""
+    for line in output.splitlines():
+        if line.startswith(key + ":"):
+            raw = line.split(":", 1)[1].strip().split()[0]
+            return int(raw.replace(",", ""))
+    return None
+
+
+class TestFuzzy:
+    """Track 5b: `-y`/`--fuzzy` is an internal bandwidth optimization with a
+    byte-exact result.  FastSync ports rsync 3.4.1's weighted-Levenshtein name
+    heuristic, so where both delta engines admit the candidate the tools pick
+    the same basis (the ``fuzzy_basis`` differential asserts the tree and the
+    Matched/Literal counters match with the block size pinned).  The residual is
+    candidate ELIGIBILITY: FastSync's delta size gate (both files >= 16 KiB and
+    a <= 10x size ratio) is narrower than rsync's, which empirically uses a
+    fuzzy basis well beyond 10x and below 16 KiB.  These tests pin the window
+    boundary and prove the byte-exact fallback on both sides of it."""
+
+    _BASE = b"the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog\n" * 4000
+
+    def _src(self, tag):
+        source = os.path.join(TEST_DATA_DIR, f"fz_{tag}_src")
+        clean_dir(source)
+        return source
+
+    def _dst(self, tag):
+        d = os.path.join(TEST_DATA_DIR, f"fz_{tag}_dst")
+        clean_dir(d)
+        return d
+
+    def _run_both(self, shared_server, source, dest, rdst, payload, sibling,
+                  rs_extra=(), fs_extra=()):
+        with open(os.path.join(source, "report_v2.txt"), "wb") as fh:
+            fh.write(payload)
+        for root in (rdst, get_dest_received_dir(dest, source)):
+            os.makedirs(root, exist_ok=True)
+            with open(os.path.join(root, "report_v1.txt"), "wb") as fh:
+                fh.write(sibling)
+        rs = _rsync(["-a", "--no-whole-file", "--fuzzy", "--stats"] +
+                    list(rs_extra) + [source + "/", rdst + "/"])
+        assert rs.returncode == 0, rs.stderr[:300]
+        result, _ = run_client(
+            source, dest,
+            flags=["-a", "--incremental", "--delta", "--fuzzy", "--stats"] +
+            list(fs_extra),
+            port=shared_server.port)
+        assert result.returncode == 0, result.stderr[:300]
+        _assert_same_tree(rdst, get_dest_received_dir(dest, source), "(--fuzzy)")
+        return rs, result
+
+    @requires_rsync
+    def test_fuzzy_above_size_window_declines_but_tree_exact(self, shared_server):
+        """A sibling >10x the source is used by rsync but declined by FastSync's
+        delta size-ratio gate; both destinations stay byte-identical."""
+        n = 65536
+        payload = (self._BASE * ((n // len(self._BASE)) + 1))[:n]
+        sibling = (self._BASE * 200)[: n * 20]
+        source, dest, rdst = (self._src("big"), self._dst("big"),
+                              self._dst("big_r"))
+        rs, result = self._run_both(shared_server, source, dest, rdst,
+                                    payload, sibling)
+        assert _stat_bytes(rs.stdout, "Matched data") > 0, \
+            "rsync should still use a >10x fuzzy basis"
+        assert _stat_bytes(result.stdout, "Matched data") == 0, \
+            "FastSync's 10x delta size-ratio gate must decline the oversized basis"
+        assert _stat_bytes(result.stdout, "Literal data") == n
+
+    @requires_rsync
+    def test_fuzzy_below_delta_minimum_declines_but_tree_exact(self, shared_server):
+        """A sibling below the 16 KiB delta minimum is used by rsync but never
+        enters FastSync's delta/fuzzy path; both trees stay byte-identical."""
+        n = 8192
+        payload = (self._BASE * ((n // len(self._BASE)) + 1))[:n]
+        source, dest, rdst = (self._src("small"), self._dst("small"),
+                              self._dst("small_r"))
+        rs, result = self._run_both(shared_server, source, dest, rdst,
+                                    payload, payload)
+        assert _stat_bytes(rs.stdout, "Matched data") > 0, \
+            "rsync applies --fuzzy below 16 KiB"
+        assert _stat_bytes(result.stdout, "Matched data") == 0, \
+            "FastSync's 16 KiB delta minimum must bypass the fuzzy basis"
+        assert _stat_bytes(result.stdout, "Literal data") == n
 
 
 class TestIgnoreExistingShortCircuit:

tests/integration/test_preflight.py

@@ -118,8 +118,8 @@ class TestProtocol:
         shutil.rmtree(dest, ignore_errors=True)
         os.makedirs(dest)
         _seed_protocol_source(source)
-        for bad in ("2.22.0", "2.21.0", "2.20.0", "2.19.0", "2.18.0", "2.17.0", "2.15.0", "2.16.0",
+        for bad in ("2.27.0", "2.26.0", "2.25.0", "2.24.0", "2.23.0", "2.22.0", "2.21.0", "2.20.0",
-                    "216", "31"):
+                    "2.19.0", "2.18.0", "2.17.0", "2.15.0", "2.16.0", "216", "31"):
             result, _ = run_client(source, dest, flags=[f"--protocol={bad}"],
                                    port=shared_server.port)
             assert result.returncode != 0, f"--protocol={bad} should be rejected"

tests/test_client_cli.c

@@ -340,6 +340,7 @@ static void test_parse_args_protocol_accept_current() {
 static void test_parse_args_protocol_rejects_other_versions() {
   static const char* const bad_versions[] = {"2.17",   "2.16",   "2.15.0", "2.16.0", "2.17.0",
                                              "2.18.0", "2.19.0", "2.20.0", "2.21.0", "2.22.0",
+                                             "2.23.0", "2.24.0", "2.25.0", "2.26.0", "2.27.0",
                                              "216",    "31",     "abc",    ""};
   for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(bad_versions) / sizeof(bad_versions[0]); i++) {
     Config* cfg = valid_client_config();
@@ -1045,6 +1046,23 @@ static void test_parse_args_basis_dirs() {
   config_delete(cfg);
 }
 
+/* --verify-basis (FastSync-only, long-only): default off; parses on as a plain
+   boolean and leaves the basis implications intact. */
+static void test_parse_args_verify_basis() {
+  Config* cfg = config_create();
+  EXPECT_FALSE(cfg->verify_basis);
+  config_delete(cfg);
+
+  cfg = config_create();
+  int positional_args[2];
+  int positional_count = 0;
+  char* argv[] = {"fastsync", "--link-dest=prior", "--verify-basis", "/src", "/dst"};
+  EXPECT_EQ_INT(parse_args(cfg, 5, argv, positional_args, &positional_count), 0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(cfg->verify_basis);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(config_has_basis(cfg));
+  config_delete(cfg);
+}
+
 /* Escaping or degenerate basis-dir values must be rejected up front (they would
    resolve outside the destination root on the receiver); an absolute path is
    accepted (rsync parity) and canonicalized with its leading '/' preserved. */
@@ -1132,6 +1150,63 @@ static void test_parse_args_delete_timing_flags() {
   config_delete(cfg);
 }
 
+/* Plain --delete with no explicit timing defaults to delete-during, matching
+ * rsync's --del default (progressive deletion).  --delete-commit is the
+ * FastSync-only long spelling that selects rsync's --delete-after timing (the
+ * late whole-tree commit), and an explicit timing always wins over the default.
+ */
+static void test_parse_args_delete_default_timing_and_commit() {
+  Config* cfg = config_create();
+  char* argv[] = {"fastsync", "--delete", "/src", "/dst"};
+  int positional_args[2];
+  int positional_count = 0;
+  EXPECT_EQ_INT(parse_args(cfg, 4, argv, positional_args, &positional_count), 0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(cfg->use_delete);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(cfg->delete_during);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(cfg->delete_before);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(cfg->delete_delay);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(cfg->delete_after);
+  cfg->send_directory = str_dup("/src");
+  cfg->receive_root_directory = str_dup("/dst");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(validate_config(cfg));
+  config_delete(cfg);
+
+  /* --delete-commit selects the late whole-tree commit (delete_after) and
+     implies --delete. */
+  cfg = config_create();
+  char* argv_commit[] = {"fastsync", "--delete-commit", "/src", "/dst"};
+  positional_count = 0;
+  EXPECT_EQ_INT(parse_args(cfg, 4, argv_commit, positional_args, &positional_count), 0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(cfg->use_delete);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(cfg->delete_after);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(cfg->delete_before);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(cfg->delete_during);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(cfg->delete_delay);
+  cfg->send_directory = str_dup("/src");
+  cfg->receive_root_directory = str_dup("/dst");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(validate_config(cfg));
+  config_delete(cfg);
+
+  /* An explicit --delete-after alongside plain --delete keeps the late timing:
+     the default never overwrites an explicit timing. */
+  cfg = config_create();
+  char* argv_after[] = {"fastsync", "--delete", "--delete-after", "/src", "/dst"};
+  positional_count = 0;
+  EXPECT_EQ_INT(parse_args(cfg, 5, argv_after, positional_args, &positional_count), 0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(cfg->use_delete);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(cfg->delete_after);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(cfg->delete_during);
+  config_delete(cfg);
+
+  /* --delete-commit conflicts with a different timing. */
+  cfg = config_create();
+  char* argv_conflict[] = {"fastsync", "--delete-commit", "--delete-during", "/src", "/dst"};
+  positional_count = 0;
+  EXPECT_EQ_INT(parse_args(cfg, 5, argv_conflict, positional_args, &positional_count), 0);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(validate_config(cfg));
+  config_delete(cfg);
+}
+
 /* Two different delete-timing flags on one command line are a conflict, not a
  * silent last-one-wins choice. */
 static void test_parse_args_delete_timing_conflict_rejected() {
@@ -4740,6 +4815,7 @@ void test_client_cli() {
   test_parse_args_relative_no_implied_mkpath();
   test_parse_args_delete_during_alias();
   test_parse_args_delete_timing_flags();
+  test_parse_args_delete_default_timing_and_commit();
   test_parse_args_delete_timing_conflict_rejected();
   test_parse_args_delete_timing_without_delete_rejected();
   test_parse_args_rejects_unimplemented_options();
@@ -4831,6 +4907,7 @@ void test_client_cli() {
   test_parse_args_filter_rules();
   test_parse_args_from0_cvs_filter_file_flags();
   test_parse_args_basis_dirs();
+  test_parse_args_verify_basis();
   test_parse_args_basis_invalid_paths();
   test_validate_config_basis_rejects_chunk_serialization();
   test_parse_args_delete_policy_flags();

tests/test_config.c

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "test_config.h"
 #include "config.h"
 #include "delta.h"
+#include "filter.h"
 #include "identity.h"
 #include "multiprocessing.h"
 #include "protocol.h"
@@ -2119,6 +2120,48 @@ static void test_config_receive_rejects_oversized_string_budget() {
   config_delete(over_bytes);
 }
 
+/* Pre-auth bounds for the receiver-side filter rule block (protocol 2.28.0).
+   A peer may send `protect`/`risk` rules; the receiver must reject an over-cap
+   count or an over-long pattern before evaluating anything, so a crafted config
+   cannot drive unbounded glob work or install a rule that silently never
+   matches. */
+static void test_config_receive_rejects_bad_protect_rules() {
+  if (is_running_under_valgrind())
+    return;
+
+  /* Over-cap rule count: one more than MAX_FILTER_RULES rules. */
+  Config* c = config_create();
+  EXPECT_NOT_NULL(c);
+  c->send_directory = str_dup("/src");
+  c->receive_root_directory = str_dup("/dst");
+  c->filters = array_list_create(free);
+  EXPECT_NOT_NULL(c->filters);
+  for (int i = 0; i <= MAX_FILTER_RULES; i++)
+    EXPECT_TRUE(array_list_add(c->filters, str_dup("- *.tmp")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(roundtrip_config_rejected(c));
+  config_delete(c);
+
+  /* A pattern longer than the receiver's evaluation bound is rejected by the
+     sender (mirroring the receiver's guard) instead of being sent as an inert
+     rule. */
+  c = config_create();
+  EXPECT_NOT_NULL(c);
+  c->send_directory = str_dup("/src");
+  c->receive_root_directory = str_dup("/dst");
+  c->filters = array_list_create(free);
+  EXPECT_NOT_NULL(c->filters);
+  size_t big = MAX_PROTECT_PATTERN_LEN + 1;
+  char* long_rule = malloc(big + 3);
+  EXPECT_NOT_NULL(long_rule);
+  long_rule[0] = '-';
+  long_rule[1] = ' ';
+  memset(long_rule + 2, 'x', big);
+  long_rule[big + 2] = '\0';
+  EXPECT_TRUE(array_list_add(c->filters, long_rule));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(roundtrip_config_rejected(c));
+  config_delete(c);
+}
+
 /* identity_copy_as_refused() is the pure, pre-snapshot refusal predicate: a
    --copy-as is refused when the receiver is not root OR the effective super
    mode is OFF (an operator veto), and never when --copy-as is unset. */
@@ -2590,6 +2633,46 @@ static bool basis_equal(const Config* a, const Config* b) {
   return true;
 }
 
+/* The receiver reconstructs its delete-protection list from the sender's
+ * compiled base rules, so compare the received list against a fresh
+ * filter_base_build() of the sender's raw --filter texts. */
+static bool filter_rules_equal(const Config* a, const FilterRuleList* got) {
+  int count = a->filters ? a->filters->size : 0;
+  const char** texts = NULL;
+  if (count > 0) {
+    texts = calloc((size_t)count, sizeof(char*));
+    if (!texts)
+      return false;
+    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
+      texts[i] = (const char*)a->filters->items[i];
+  }
+  char err[160];
+  FilterRuleList* expected =
+      filter_base_build(texts, count, a->cvs_exclude, a->delete_excluded, err, sizeof(err));
+  free(texts);
+  if (!expected)
+    return false;
+  bool equal = true;
+  int want = expected->count;
+  int have = got ? got->count : 0;
+  if (want != have) {
+    equal = false;
+  } else {
+    for (int i = 0; i < want; i++) {
+      const FilterRule* x = expected->items[i];
+      const FilterRule* y = got->items[i];
+      if (x->action != y->action || x->sides != y->sides || x->anchored != y->anchored ||
+          x->dir_only != y->dir_only || x->negate != y->negate ||
+          !str_opt_equal(x->owner, y->owner) || !str_opt_equal(x->pattern, y->pattern)) {
+        equal = false;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  filter_rule_list_free(expected);
+  return equal;
+}
+
 #define CONFIG_CMP_BOOL(a, b, name) ((a)->name == (b)->name)
 #define CONFIG_CMP_INT(a, b, name) ((a)->name == (b)->name)
 #define CONFIG_CMP_RAW(a, b, name) ((a)->name == (b)->name)
@@ -2615,6 +2698,7 @@ static bool basis_equal(const Config* a, const Config* b) {
 #define CONFIG_CMP_COPY_AS_ID(a, b, name) (!(a)->copy_as_set || (a)->name == (b)->name)
 #define CONFIG_CMP_BLOCK_SKIP_SUFFIXES(a, b, name) skip_suffixes_equal((a), (b))
 #define CONFIG_CMP_BLOCK_BASIS(a, b, name) basis_equal((a), (b))
+#define CONFIG_CMP_BLOCK_PROTECT_RULES(a, b, name) filter_rules_equal((a), (b)->name)
 #define CONFIG_CMP_BLOCK_IDMAP(a, b, name)                                                         \
   idmap_equal((a)->name, (a)->name##_count, (b)->name, (b)->name##_count)
 
@@ -2784,6 +2868,7 @@ static void golden_config_populate(Config* c) {
   c->skip_compress_suffixes[1] = str_dup(".xz");
   EXPECT_EQ_INT(config_basis_append(c, BASIS_DEST_COMPARE, "compare"), 0);
   EXPECT_EQ_INT(config_basis_append(c, BASIS_DEST_LINK, "link"), 0);
+  c->verify_basis = true;
   c->fuzzy = true;
   c->checksum_algo = CHECKSUM_ALGO_MD5;
   c->checksum_seed = 0x1122334455667788ULL;
@@ -2829,6 +2914,14 @@ static void golden_config_populate(Config* c) {
   c->copy_as_set = true;
   c->copy_as_uid = 111;
   c->copy_as_gid = 222;
+  /* Compile-through delete-protection rules (protocol 2.28.0).  The golden
+   * sender serializes its compiled base rules, so populate a diverse set that
+   * exercises both sides, negate, anchoring and dir-only. */
+  c->filters = array_list_create(free);
+  array_list_add(c->filters, str_dup("P *.log"));
+  array_list_add(c->filters, str_dup("+r **/*.txt"));
+  array_list_add(c->filters, str_dup("H,!secret"));
+  array_list_add(c->filters, str_dup("- /sub/dir/"));
 }
 
 /* The pinned golden frame (protocol 2.28.0).  The values below are the only
@@ -2836,12 +2929,14 @@ static void golden_config_populate(Config* c) {
  * them ONLY with a PROTOCOL_VERSION bump and a documented reason.  The 2.24.0
  * delete-plan wave changed only the version string; 2.25.0 appended the
  * report_stats bool, 2.26.0 appended the compression_algo int, 2.27.0 appended
- * the report_deletes bool, and 2.28.0 changed only the version string (the
+ * the report_deletes bool, and 2.28.0 changed only the version string and
- * STATUS_STATS body grew, but the config frame layout is unchanged, so the
+ * appended the receiver-side delete-protection rule block (the STATUS_STATS
- * frame length is identical).  The byte-exact values are recomputed for the
+ * body also grew, but that is not part of this frame).  Track 5a appends the
- * merged layout. */
+ * FastSync-only verify_basis bool to the basis block WITHOUT a version bump
-#define GOLDEN_WIRE_LEN 709
+ * (project decision), so the frame grew by one int to 886 bytes.  The
-#define GOLDEN_WIRE_HASH 417335736347473203ULL
+ * byte-exact values are recomputed for the merged layout. */
+#define GOLDEN_WIRE_LEN 886
+#define GOLDEN_WIRE_HASH 5809509022716816757ULL
 
 static unsigned long long fnv1a_64(const unsigned char* buf, size_t len) {
   unsigned long long h = 1469598103934665603ULL;
@@ -2990,6 +3085,7 @@ static void test_config_wire_golden_receive() {
            recv->groupmap[0].to_name != NULL && strcmp(recv->groupmap[0].to_name, "root") == 0;
       ok = ok && recv->basis_count == 2 && recv->basis_dirs[0].type == BASIS_DEST_COMPARE &&
            recv->basis_dirs[1].type == BASIS_DEST_LINK;
+      ok = ok && recv->verify_basis;
       ok = ok && recv->module != NULL && strcmp(recv->module, "goldenmod") == 0;
       ok = ok && recv->copy_as_set && recv->copy_as_uid == 111 && recv->copy_as_gid == 222;
     }
@@ -3250,6 +3346,7 @@ void test_config() {
     test_config_wire_golden_receive();
     test_config_wire_receive_bounds();
     test_config_receive_rejects_overcap_counts();
+    test_config_receive_rejects_bad_protect_rules();
     test_config_wire_roundtrip_all_fields();
     test_config_preserve_attribute_wire_roundtrip();
   }

tests/test_delete_plan.c

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
  * caller/receiver entry point) describing `dir` with no kept children. */
 static void send_plan_frame(int fd, const char* dir) {
   EXPECT_TRUE(send_int(fd, 0)); /* has_config */
+  EXPECT_TRUE(send_int(fd, 1)); /* apply: a real plan */
   EXPECT_TRUE(send_wire_str(fd, dir));
   EXPECT_TRUE(send_int(fd, 0)); /* kept child dirs */
   EXPECT_TRUE(send_int(fd, 0)); /* kept child files */
@@ -216,9 +217,58 @@ static void test_delete_delay_actual_removal_charges_budget(void) {
   config_delete(config);
 }
 
+/* Send a config-only carrier frame (apply=false): the per-run config block with
+ * one --delete-missing-args exact path, and no directory walk. */
+static void send_config_only_frame(int fd, const char* missing_path) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(send_int(fd, 1)); /* has_config */
+  EXPECT_TRUE(send_int(fd, 0)); /* protected prefixes */
+  EXPECT_TRUE(send_int(fd, 0)); /* size-skipped */
+  EXPECT_TRUE(send_int(fd, 1)); /* missing args */
+  EXPECT_TRUE(send_wire_str(fd, missing_path));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(send_int(fd, 0)); /* apply = false */
+  EXPECT_TRUE(send_wire_str(fd, "."));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(send_int(fd, 0));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(send_int(fd, 0));
+}
+
+/* The config-only carrier frame (apply=false) still applies the
+ * --delete-missing-args exact deletions even though it walks no directory.  This
+ * is the fix for a --files-from list that synchronizes no directory. */
+static void test_config_only_frame_applies_missing_args(void) {
+  char root[] = "/tmp/fastsync_dp_cfgonly_XXXXXX";
+  EXPECT_TRUE(mkdtemp(root) != NULL);
+  char gone[1024];
+  snprintf(gone, sizeof(gone), "%s/gone.txt", root);
+  int fd = open(gone, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0600);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(fd >= 0);
+  close(fd);
+
+  Config* config = config_create();
+  EXPECT_NOT_NULL(config);
+  config->receive_root_directory = str_dup(root);
+  config->delete_missing_args = true;
+
+  int p[2];
+  EXPECT_EQ_INT(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, p), 0);
+
+  DeletePlanSession* session = delete_plan_session_create(config);
+  EXPECT_NOT_NULL(session);
+  send_config_only_frame(p[1], "gone.txt");
+  EXPECT_EQ_INT(delete_plan_session_receive(session, config, p[0]), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ_INT((int)delete_plan_session_deleted(session), 1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(lstat(gone, &(struct stat){0}) != 0);
+
+  delete_plan_session_destroy(session);
+  close(p[0]);
+  close(p[1]);
+  rmdir(root);
+  config_delete(config);
+}
+
 void test_delete_plan(void) {
   test_delete_delay_refilled_dir_removed_recursively();
   test_delete_delay_removed_file_counted();
   test_delete_delay_max_delete_bounds_actual();
   test_delete_delay_actual_removal_charges_budget();
+  test_config_only_frame_applies_missing_args();
 }

tests/test_file.c

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include "file_receive.h"
 #include "data.h"
 #include "config.h"
+#include "charset.h"
 #include "utils.h"
 #include "protocol.h"
 #include "test_utils.h"
@@ -1807,6 +1808,159 @@ static void test_receive_incremental_check_empty_path() {
   config_delete(cfg);
 }
 
+/* Pure policy helpers behind the basis quick-check / --verify-basis decision. */
+static void test_file_basis_quick_match_decision() {
+  Config* cfg = config_create();
+  EXPECT_NOT_NULL(cfg);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(file_basis_content_required(cfg));
+  cfg->verify_basis = true;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(file_basis_content_required(cfg));
+  cfg->verify_basis = false;
+
+  struct stat st;
+  memset(&st, 0, sizeof(st));
+  st.st_mtime = 1500000000;
+#ifdef __linux__
+  st.st_mtim.tv_nsec = 500;
+#endif
+  /* Equal size is required by the caller; this leg is the mtime / --size-only
+     rule.  Equal mtime matches, a different mtime misses by default. */
+  EXPECT_TRUE(file_basis_quick_match(cfg, &st, 1500000000, 500));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(file_basis_quick_match(cfg, &st, 1500000001, 500));
+  cfg->size_only = true;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(file_basis_quick_match(cfg, &st, 1500000001, 500));
+  cfg->size_only = false;
+  cfg->modify_window = 2;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(file_basis_quick_match(cfg, &st, 1500000002, 500));
+  config_delete(cfg);
+}
+
+/* End-to-end handshake decision for a same-size, same-mtime, DIFFERENT-content
+   basis.  Default (rsync parity): the metadata quick-check is trusted, the
+   receiver answers STATUS_OK and materializes the basis bytes.  --verify-basis:
+   the whole-file digest is required, the basis is rejected and the receiver
+   asks for the source (STATUS_NEXT + full transfer). */
+static void test_receive_incremental_check_basis_quick_check_and_verify() {
+  const char* root = "test_basis_quick_root";
+  const char* basis_dir = "test_basis_quick_root/basis";
+  const char* basis_file = "test_basis_quick_root/basis/f.txt";
+  unlink(basis_file);
+  unlink("test_basis_quick_root/f.txt");
+  rmdir(basis_dir);
+  rmdir(root);
+  EXPECT_EQ_INT(mkdir(root, 0755), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ_INT(mkdir(basis_dir, 0755), 0);
+
+  const char* src_bytes = "AAAA";
+  const unsigned long long size = 4;
+  const time_t mtime = 1500000000;
+  {
+    FILE* fh = fopen(basis_file, "wb");
+    EXPECT_NOT_NULL(fh);
+    // cppcheck-suppress knownConditionTrueFalse
+    if (fh) {
+      EXPECT_EQ_INT((int)fwrite("BBBB", 1, (size_t)size, fh), (int)size);
+      fclose(fh);
+    }
+  }
+  struct timespec ts[2] = {{mtime, 0}, {mtime, 0}};
+  EXPECT_EQ_INT(utimensat(AT_FDCWD, basis_file, ts, 0), 0);
+
+  char root_abs[PATH_MAX];
+  EXPECT_NOT_NULL(realpath(root, root_abs));
+  int root_fd = open(root_abs, O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY | O_CLOEXEC);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(root_fd >= 0);
+  // cppcheck-suppress knownConditionTrueFalse
+  if (root_fd < 0) {
+    unlink(basis_file);
+    rmdir(basis_dir);
+    rmdir(root);
+    return;
+  }
+  EXPECT_TRUE(utils_set_authorized_root(root_fd, root_abs));
+
+  uint8_t digest[CHECKSUM_MAX_DIGEST_LEN];
+  size_t digest_len = 0;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(checksum_digest(CHECKSUM_ALGO_XXH64, 0, src_bytes, size, digest, sizeof(digest),
+                              &digest_len));
+
+  /* Route protocol I/O through the explicit descriptors (a previous test group
+     may have left io_set_fds() bound to its own pipe). */
+  io_set_fds(-1, -1);
+  io_set_bwlimit(0);
+
+  for (int verify = 0; verify <= 1; verify++) {
+    Config* cfg = config_create();
+    EXPECT_NOT_NULL(cfg);
+    cfg->receive_root_directory = str_dup(root_abs);
+    cfg->checksum = false;
+    cfg->checksum_algo = CHECKSUM_ALGO_XXH64;
+    cfg->checksum_seed = 0;
+    cfg->use_incremental = true;
+    cfg->use_delta = false;
+    cfg->use_metadata = false;
+    cfg->verify_basis = (verify != 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ_INT(config_basis_append(cfg, BASIS_DEST_LINK, "basis"), 0);
+
+    int p[2];
+    EXPECT_EQ_INT(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, p), 0);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(send_wire_str(p[1], "f.txt"));
+    unsigned long long check_size = size;
+    long long check_mtime = (long long)mtime;
+    long long check_mtime_nsec = 0;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(send_n_data(p[1], &check_size, sizeof(check_size)));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(send_n_data(p[1], &check_mtime, sizeof(check_mtime)));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(send_n_data(p[1], &check_mtime_nsec, sizeof(check_mtime_nsec)));
+    /* Only --verify-basis needs the digest (cfg->checksum is false) and the
+       pre-staged fallback full transfer the receiver will request. */
+    if (verify) {
+      uint8_t wire_len = (uint8_t)digest_len;
+      EXPECT_TRUE(send_n_data(p[1], &wire_len, sizeof(wire_len)));
+      EXPECT_TRUE(send_n_data(p[1], digest, digest_len));
+      char* payload_bytes = str_dup(src_bytes);
+      EXPECT_NOT_NULL(payload_bytes);
+      Data* payload = data_create(payload_bytes, size);
+      EXPECT_NOT_NULL(payload);
+      // cppcheck-suppress knownConditionTrueFalse
+      if (payload)
+        EXPECT_TRUE(send_data(p[1], payload));
+      data_destroy(payload);
+    }
+
+    bool skipped = false;
+    File* file = receive_incremental_check(p[0], cfg, &skipped);
+    EXPECT_NOT_NULL(file);
+    // cppcheck-suppress knownConditionTrueFalse
+    if (file) {
+      EXPECT_FALSE(skipped);
+      Status reply = STATUS_ERROR;
+      EXPECT_TRUE(receive_status(p[1], &reply));
+      if (verify) {
+        EXPECT_EQ_INT((int)reply, (int)STATUS_NEXT);
+        EXPECT_NOT_NULL(file->data->data);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(file->data->data != NULL && memcmp(file->data->data, src_bytes, size) == 0);
+      } else {
+        EXPECT_EQ_INT((int)reply, (int)STATUS_OK);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(file->skip);
+        /* The default quick-check hit materializes from the basis PATH at
+           install time (streaming), so no content is buffered on the File. */
+        EXPECT_NOT_NULL(file->basis_link);
+        EXPECT_NULL(file->data->data);
+      }
+      file_destroy(file);
+    }
+    close(p[0]);
+    close(p[1]);
+    config_delete(cfg);
+  }
+
+  utils_set_authorized_root(-1, NULL);
+  close(root_fd);
+  unlink(basis_file);
+  rmdir(basis_dir);
+  rmdir(root);
+}
+
 /* -K/--keep-dirlinks secure open: with an authorized root, a destination path
  * component that is a symlink to an IN-ROOT directory is used as that directory
  * (its referent is opened through a relative O_NOFOLLOW walk from the root fd,
@@ -2140,6 +2294,8 @@ void test_file() {
   test_dir_time_list();
   test_dir_time_list_cap();
   test_receive_incremental_check_empty_path();
+  test_file_basis_quick_match_decision();
+  test_receive_incremental_check_basis_quick_check_and_verify();
   test_keep_dirlinks_secure_open();
   test_inplace_overwrite_clears_special_mode_bits();
   test_inplace_overwrite_metadata_strips_special_bits();

tests/test_fuzz_smoke.c

@@ -18,10 +18,11 @@
 
 /* P8 config-frame tail: super_mode (4) + copy-as presence (4) + uid (4) + gid (4). */
 #define P8_TAIL_BYTES 16
-/* Bytes after the P8 tail: report_dest_info (4), report_stats (4, wire-stats
+/* Bytes after the P8 tail: report_dest_info (4), report_stats (4),
- * wave) and compression_algo (4, codec wave).  The P8 fields sit this many
+ * report_deletes (4, --info=del wave), compression_algo (4, codec wave) and the
- * bytes before the end of the frame. */
+ * receiver delete-protection count (4, protocol 2.28.0).  The P8 fields sit
-#define POST_P8_TAIL_BYTES 12
+ * this many bytes before the end of the frame. */
+#define POST_P8_TAIL_BYTES 20
 
 /* Smoke test for chunk_deserialize fuzz target */
 static void test_fuzz_chunk_deserialize() {

tests/test_server.c

@@ -1063,14 +1063,18 @@ static void test_incremental_check_fifo_destination_does_not_hang() {
 }
 
 /* A server-contacting --dry-run with an alternate basis dir must never read or
-   hash the basis file.  An exact (size+mtime+content) basis match would
+   hash the basis file.  Under the default metadata quick-check a hit needs no
-   otherwise let a client probe the basis bytes against its own supplied digest
+   basis bytes, so a compare-dest match is reported as a skip (STATUS_OK) just
-   (a 1-bit content oracle).  The dry-run decision is metadata-only, so even a
+   like a real run -- and still no content is read.  Under --verify-basis a hit
-   byte-identical basis is reported as would-transfer, not a compare-dest skip. */
+   would require hashing the basis against the client-supplied digest (a 1-bit
-static void test_incremental_check_dry_run_basis_does_not_read_content() {
+   content oracle), which a dry-run must never do, so even a byte-identical
+   basis is reported as would-transfer.  The destination is never materialized
+   in either arm. */
+static void run_dry_run_basis_check(bool verify, Status expected) {
   Config* cfg = config_create();
   EXPECT_NOT_NULL(cfg);
   cfg->dry_run = true;
+  cfg->verify_basis = verify;
   char* root = make_check_root("dryb");
   EXPECT_NOT_NULL(root);
   cfg->receive_root_directory = str_dup(root);
@@ -1086,8 +1090,8 @@ static void test_incremental_check_dry_run_basis_does_not_read_content() {
   EXPECT_EQ_INT(stat(basis_path, &bst), 0);
   EXPECT_EQ_INT(config_basis_append(cfg, BASIS_DEST_COMPARE, "basis"), 0);
 
-  /* The (correct) source digest for the basis bytes: an unfixed dry-run would
+  /* The (correct) source digest for the basis bytes: a buggy dry-run that read
-     read+hash the basis and treat this as an exact compare-dest hit. */
+     and hashed the basis would treat this as an exact compare-dest hit. */
   uint8_t digest[CHECKSUM_MAX_DIGEST_LEN];
   size_t digest_len = 0;
   EXPECT_TRUE(checksum_digest((ChecksumAlgo)cfg->checksum_algo, cfg->checksum_seed, content,
@@ -1106,7 +1110,8 @@ static void test_incremental_check_dry_run_basis_does_not_read_content() {
     bool skipped = false;
     bool would_transfer = false;
     File* file = receive_incremental_check_ex(p[0], cfg, &skipped, &would_transfer);
-    bool ok = file == NULL && !skipped && would_transfer;
+    bool ok = file == NULL && skipped == (expected == STATUS_OK) &&
+              would_transfer == (expected != STATUS_OK);
     file_destroy(file);
     config_delete(cfg);
     close(p[0]);
@@ -1124,13 +1129,16 @@ static void test_incremental_check_dry_run_basis_does_not_read_content() {
     EXPECT_TRUE(send_n_data(p[1], &size, sizeof(size)));
     EXPECT_TRUE(send_n_data(p[1], &mtime, sizeof(mtime)));
     EXPECT_TRUE(send_n_data(p[1], &mtime_nsec, sizeof(mtime_nsec)));
-    uint8_t wire_len = (uint8_t)digest_len;
+    /* The digest is only on the wire when --checksum or --verify-basis needs it
-    EXPECT_TRUE(send_n_data(p[1], &wire_len, sizeof(wire_len)));
+       (cfg->checksum is false here); the default quick-check arm sends none. */
-    EXPECT_TRUE(send_n_data(p[1], digest, digest_len));
+    if (verify) {
+      uint8_t wire_len = (uint8_t)digest_len;
+      EXPECT_TRUE(send_n_data(p[1], &wire_len, sizeof(wire_len)));
+      EXPECT_TRUE(send_n_data(p[1], digest, digest_len));
+    }
     Status s;
     EXPECT_TRUE(receive_status(p[1], &s));
-    /* A skip here would mean the receiver read+hashed the basis file. */
+    EXPECT_EQ_INT(s, expected);
-    EXPECT_EQ_INT(s, STATUS_DRY_RUN_TRANSFER);
 
     int status;
     waitpid(pid, &status, 0);
@@ -1148,6 +1156,11 @@ static void test_incremental_check_dry_run_basis_does_not_read_content() {
   }
 }
 
+static void test_incremental_check_dry_run_basis_does_not_read_content() {
+  run_dry_run_basis_check(false, STATUS_OK);
+  run_dry_run_basis_check(true, STATUS_DRY_RUN_TRANSFER);
+}
+
 /* B1: a FIFO planted in a --link-dest basis directory must not block
  * basis_open_regular() either; the basis match is simply declined. */
 static void test_incremental_check_basis_fifo_does_not_hang() {
@@ -1278,6 +1291,7 @@ static void test_dry_run_delete_plan_commit_does_not_delete() {
   EXPECT_TRUE(send_int(p[1], 0)); /* size-skipped prefixes */
   EXPECT_TRUE(send_int(p[1], 1)); /* missing-args exact deletions */
   EXPECT_TRUE(send_str(p[1], "victim.txt"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(send_int(p[1], 1));   /* apply: a real plan */
   EXPECT_TRUE(send_str(p[1], ".")); /* receive root plan */
   EXPECT_TRUE(send_int(p[1], 0));   /* kept child directories */
   EXPECT_TRUE(send_int(p[1], 0));   /* kept child files */

tests/test_shared_utils.c

@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ static void test_walker_removes_extras_keeps_manifest_and_protected() {
   DeleteSkipEntry skip = {"prot", false};
   size_t deleted = 0;
   DeleteWalkResult result =
-      delete_extras_limited(root, manifest, NULL, 100000, &skip, 1, &deleted, NULL);
+      delete_extras_limited(root, manifest, NULL, 100000, &skip, 1, NULL, &deleted, NULL);
   EXPECT_EQ_INT((int)result, (int)DELETE_WALK_OK);
   EXPECT_FALSE(file_exists(root, "a.txt"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(file_exists(root, "keep.txt"));
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ static void test_walker_keeps_nested_manifest_dirs() {
   EXPECT_NOT_NULL(manifest);
   size_t deleted = 0;
   DeleteWalkResult result =
-      delete_extras_limited(root, manifest, NULL, 100000, NULL, 0, &deleted, NULL);
+      delete_extras_limited(root, manifest, NULL, 100000, NULL, 0, NULL, &deleted, NULL);
   EXPECT_EQ_INT((int)result, (int)DELETE_WALK_OK);
   EXPECT_FALSE(file_exists(root, "extra.txt"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(file_exists(root, "keepdir/deep/keep.txt"));
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ static void test_walker_max_delete_partial_deletes_up_to_cap() {
   size_t deleted = 999;
   size_t skipped = 0;
   DeleteWalkResult result =
-      delete_extras_limited(root, manifest, NULL, 2, NULL, 0, &deleted, &skipped);
+      delete_extras_limited(root, manifest, NULL, 2, NULL, 0, NULL, &deleted, &skipped);
   EXPECT_EQ_INT((int)result, (int)DELETE_WALK_LIMIT_REACHED);
   EXPECT_EQ_INT((int)deleted, 2);
   EXPECT_EQ_INT((int)skipped, 1);
@@ -225,7 +225,8 @@ static void test_walker_max_delete_exact_bound_deletes() {
   ArrayList* manifest = make_manifest_strings(keeps, 0);
   EXPECT_NOT_NULL(manifest);
   size_t deleted = 0;
-  DeleteWalkResult result = delete_extras_limited(root, manifest, NULL, 2, NULL, 0, &deleted, NULL);
+  DeleteWalkResult result =
+      delete_extras_limited(root, manifest, NULL, 2, NULL, 0, NULL, &deleted, NULL);
   EXPECT_EQ_INT((int)result, (int)DELETE_WALK_OK);
   EXPECT_EQ_INT((int)deleted, 2);
   EXPECT_FALSE(file_exists(root, "a.txt"));
@@ -258,7 +259,7 @@ static void test_walker_removes_extraneous_symlinks() {
   EXPECT_NOT_NULL(manifest);
   size_t deleted = 0;
   DeleteWalkResult result =
-      delete_extras_limited(root, manifest, NULL, 100000, NULL, 0, &deleted, NULL);
+      delete_extras_limited(root, manifest, NULL, 100000, NULL, 0, NULL, &deleted, NULL);
   EXPECT_EQ_INT((int)result, (int)DELETE_WALK_OK);
   EXPECT_FALSE(file_exists(root, "link_file"));
   EXPECT_FALSE(file_exists(root, "link_dir"));
@@ -294,7 +295,7 @@ static void test_walker_confines_deletion_to_synced_dirs() {
   EXPECT_TRUE(array_list_add(dirs, str_dup("inscope")));
   size_t deleted = 0;
   DeleteWalkResult result =
-      delete_extras_limited(root, manifest, dirs, 100000, NULL, 0, &deleted, NULL);
+      delete_extras_limited(root, manifest, dirs, 100000, NULL, 0, NULL, &deleted, NULL);
   EXPECT_EQ_INT((int)result, (int)DELETE_WALK_OK);
   EXPECT_TRUE(file_exists(root, "rootextra.txt"));
   EXPECT_FALSE(file_exists(root, "inscope/extra.txt"));
@@ -324,6 +325,45 @@ static void test_walker_unlimited_deletes_all() {
   free(root);
 }
 
+/* Receiver-side filter protection (protocol 2.28.0): a compiled protect rule
+   shields a DESTINATION-ONLY extra that never appeared on the sender, a risk
+   rule cancels an earlier/later protect (first match wins), and a dir-only
+   protect rule shields the whole subtree. */
+static void test_walker_protect_rules_shield_dest_only() {
+  char* root = make_walk_root("protectrules");
+  EXPECT_NOT_NULL(root);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(write_file_at(root, "keep.txt", "kept"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(write_file_at(root, "extra.log", "risk cancels protect"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(write_file_at(root, "safe.log", "protected"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(write_file_at(root, "other.txt", "deleted"));
+  EXPECT_EQ_INT(make_subdir(root, "prot"), 0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(write_file_at(root, "prot/inside.txt", "shielded subtree"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(write_file_at(root, "prot/deep.log", "shielded subtree"));
+
+  const char* keeps[] = {"keep.txt"};
+  ArrayList* manifest = make_manifest_strings(keeps, 1);
+  EXPECT_NOT_NULL(manifest);
+  const char* rule_text[] = {"R extra.log", "P *.log", "P prot/"};
+  char err[160];
+  FilterRuleList* rules = filter_base_build(rule_text, 3, false, false, err, sizeof(err));
+  EXPECT_NOT_NULL(rules);
+  size_t deleted = 0;
+  DeleteWalkResult result =
+      delete_extras_limited(root, manifest, NULL, 100000, NULL, 0, rules, &deleted, NULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ_INT((int)result, (int)DELETE_WALK_OK);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(file_exists(root, "keep.txt"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(file_exists(root, "extra.log")); /* risk wins the first match */
+  EXPECT_TRUE(file_exists(root, "safe.log"));   /* protect shields the extra */
+  EXPECT_FALSE(file_exists(root, "other.txt"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(dir_exists(root, "prot"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(file_exists(root, "prot/inside.txt"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(file_exists(root, "prot/deep.log"));
+  filter_rule_list_free(rules);
+  array_list_delete(manifest);
+  remove_walk_tree(root);
+  free(root);
+}
+
 typedef struct {
   bool eight_bit_output;
   const char* expected;
@@ -626,6 +666,7 @@ void test_shared_utils() {
   test_walker_removes_extraneous_symlinks();
   test_walker_confines_deletion_to_synced_dirs();
   test_walker_unlimited_deletes_all();
+  test_walker_protect_rules_shield_dest_only();
   test_loopback_helpers();
   test_fd_peer_ip();
 

tests/test_xattr.c

@@ -210,7 +210,8 @@ static void test_xattr_receive_drops_acl_without_preserve_acls() {
 
 /* MINOR-2: a --link-dest / -H copy fallback (linkat refused) must still apply
  * the per-file xattrs and --fake-super stat.  A DIRECTORY basis forces linkat
- * to fail with EPERM, exercising the byte-copy fallback deterministically.
+ * to fail with EPERM, exercising the byte-copy fallback deterministically (the
+ * basis is not a regular file, so the fallback uses the caller's bytes).
  * Guarded on filesystem xattr support. */
 static void test_link_copy_fallback_preserves_xattrs() {
   const char* dest = "test_link_xattr_dest.txt";