chmod: match rsync 3.4.1 --chmod and remove mode masking (#293)

- --chmod no longer implies --preserve-perms; repeated --chmod options
  accumulate, and D/F/X selectors plus s/t special bits are supported with
  rsync's exact parse_chmod/tweak_mode semantics.
- Stop masking group/other write and setuid/setgid/sticky: -p copies the
  source mode exactly, no-p new entries use source&~umask, directories keep
  setgid/sticky, and special nodes follow the same rules.
- Apply ownership before mode on the fd path so a chown cannot clear the
  setuid/setgid bits -p just restored (rsync order).
- Update unit and integration tests, including differential checks against
  rsync 3.4.1.

src/shared/chmod.h

@@ -4,7 +4,10 @@
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 
-/* Apply the supported rsync --chmod syntax to a permission mode. */
+/* Apply rsync's --chmod syntax to a permission mode, including the D/F/X
+ * selectors and the s/t special bits.  `mode` should carry the file type bits
+ * (S_IFDIR/S_IFREG) so D/F/X can be evaluated; the type bits are preserved in
+ * `result`.  A spec may contain comma-separated clauses, which accumulate. */
 bool chmod_apply(mode_t mode, const char* spec, mode_t* result);
 
 #endif